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视光学

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使用综合验光仪(phoropter)

视光学(英语:optometry)是光学眼科的结合,运用光学仪器来检查眼睛的视觉功能,并采取相应的非手术的手段来治疗病人的近视远视散光老视和双眼视觉功能性异常等疾病。方法主要包括眼镜、隐性眼镜、视觉训练、药物。

英语 optometry 的直译是“视量学”[1],源自古希腊语 ὄψις(opsis;"view")“观看”之义,以及 μέτρον(metron;"measure")“测量”之义。

验光方法

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正在进行视力测试的验光师(左)和受试者(右)

从验光时眼球的调节状态,分扩瞳验光与小瞳验光。扩瞳验光常见于儿童,事先由有处方权的医生开具药物(但在一些地区,例如香港,部分验光人员可在诊断过程中处方局部麻醉药与散瞳剂,而不需医生开具)[2],使用阿托品复方托吡卡胺等睫状肌麻痹药物滴眼,使调节处于静止状态且瞳孔散大,然后进行验光。小瞳验光是在不散瞳情况下验光,常用于散瞳验光后的复查和成人验光。

从验光方法可分他觉验光和主觉验光。他觉验光是指验光人员使用检影镜英语retinoscopy(retinoscope)、电脑验光仪英语autorefractor(autorefractor)等工具直接观察病人瞳孔中的光移动的客观变化,得出其屈光度数的方法。主觉验光是指验光人员使用综合验光仪英语phoropter(phoropter)等工具,根据病人主观反映的视力变化,检查得出其屈光度数的方法。

参考

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  1. ^ 郑宏铭; 曾荣凯. 臨床視光眼科學. 五南图书出版股份有限公司. 2021: 前言. ISBN 9789865229351. 
  2. ^ 视光师管理委员会. 專業守則 (PDF). [2024-03-24]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2024-03-24). 
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视光学
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