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西班牙帝雕

西班牙帝雕
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 鸟纲 Aves
目: 鹰形目 Accipitriformes
科: 鹰科 Accipitridae
属: 真雕属 Aquila
种:
西班牙帝雕 A. adalberti
二名法
Aquila adalberti
C. L. Brehm, 1861
异名

Aquila heliacea adalberti

Aquila adalberti

西班牙帝雕学名Aquila adalberti)又称西班牙雕亚德氏雕,是白肩雕(学名:Aquila heliaca通称帝雕,东方帝雕,东方皇雕,皇雕,东方御雕,御雕等)的近缘种,仅分布于西班牙的西部和南部,摩洛哥北部也是可能的产地。直到最近,[1]西班牙帝雕一直被视为白肩雕的亚种,但由于形态学[2]、生态学[3]和分子特征的差别,[4][5]它已被某些权威视为一个独立的物种。

特征描述

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西班牙帝雕相对于白肩雕体型小,重2.5–3.5公斤(5.5–7.7磅),长75–84公分(30–33英寸),与白肩雕相比体色较深,而且是一种留鸟,不会像后者冬天向东南迁徙。它们以穴兔为主要食物,但也猎食其动物,包括啮齿目野兔鸽子乌鸦野鸭狐狸

本种是一种易危物种,数量减少的原因包括栖地丧失和非法下毒。另一个成因是其主要食物穴兔的数目受黏液瘤病及其他病毒疾病的减少。目前其数目少于五百只。

2006年在西班牙约有220对帝雕,而葡萄牙有两对,[6]虽然它仍然是易危物种,但其种群正缓慢恢复。在西班牙多尼亚纳国家公园有一个由1970年七对帝雕的后裔组成的小种群[7],但大多数种群却生活在西班牙中部和西南部的森林区。

本种的种小名以普鲁士的阿达尔伯提命名。

注释

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  1. ^ Sangster, George; Knox, Alan G.; Helbig, Andreas J. & Parkin, David T. (2002): Taxonomic recommendations for European birds. Ibis 144(1): 153–159. doi:10.1046/j.0019-1019.2001.00026.x PDF fulltext页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  2. ^ Cramp, S. & Simmons, K. E. L. (1980) Birds of the Western Palearctic, Vol. 2. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  3. ^ Meyburg, B. U. (1994): [210 & 211: Imperial Eagles]. In: del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew & Sargatal, Jordi (editors): Handbook of Birds of the World, Volume 2: New World Vultures to Guineafowl: 194-195, plate 20. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 84-87334-15-6
  4. ^ Seibold, I.; Helbig, A. J.; Meyburg, B. U.; Negro, J. J. & Wink, M. (1996): Genetic differentiation and molecular phylogeny of European Aquila eagles (Aves: Falconiformes) according to cytochrome-b nucleotide sequences. In: Meyburg, B. U. & Chancellor, R. D. (eds): Eagle Studies: 1–15. Berlin: World Working Group on Birds of Prey.
  5. ^ * Padilla, J. A.; Martinez-Trancón, M.; Rabasco, A. & Fernández-García, J. L. (1999): The karyotype of the Iberian imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti) analyzed by classical and DNA replication banding. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 84: 61–66. doi:10.1159/000015216 (HTML abstract)
  6. ^ Un plan para las 220 parejas de águila imperial页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). 埃菲通讯社世界报。2006年9月27日。 采撷于2006年10月17日。
  7. ^ Schuhmacher, Eugen (1973): Europe's Paradises

参考文献

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  • BirdLife International. Aquila adalberti. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2005. [2006年5月11日]. 。数据库简要说明了本种被列为易危的理由。
  • Ferguson-Lees, James & Christie, David A. (2001): Raptors of the World. Houghton Mifflin, Boston. ISBN 0-618-12762-3
  • Ferrer, Miguel (2001): The Spanish Imperial Eagle. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 84-87334-34-

外部链接

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西班牙帝雕
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