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补给线

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1967年越共的胡志明小道补给线

补给线泛指军事上运输军队所需一切有形物资及兵力从后方到前线的交通路线,可能是海上、陆上、航空的形式,也常作为后送伤兵和撤军时的路线,后勤本身对胜败极为重要,若此线被敌军得知并有效切断而前线物资兵力又吃紧时,往往会造成全军覆没的下场,军事上的包围战术也隐含有切断补给线的意图。

意义

补给线通常视为军事行动中的弱点,因为越往前推进的军队,补给线拉得越长,投入的保护兵力越多也越难维持,缺乏补给也会让作战进行不下去而到战线边缘。

主流军事观点主张补给线要和前线为平行状态是最理想,也称“侧面补给”;补给线和前线为垂直时,视为最不利因素,称为“垂直补给”

侧面补给

  • 主力军可同时负担补给线一面的保护者
  • 补给线另一面为后方相对安全
  • 输送过程中可以沿路卸货,运到最远距离的物资最少

垂直补给

  • 补给线两侧都可能会受到攻击
  • 需另组一支军队防卫补给线
  • 所有物资都要以最长距离运送。

参看

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补给线
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