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衣原体感染

衣原体感染
Chlamydia infection
巴氏涂片检查中发现C. trachomatis(苏木素-伊红染色)
症状无、阴道分泌物、阴茎分泌物、排尿灼热[1]
并发症附睾炎骨盆腔发炎不孕异位妊娠[2][1]
起病年龄暴露后数周[1]
类型commensal bacterial infectious disease[*]commensal Chlamydiaceae infectious disease[*]疾病
病因沙眼衣原体,由性行为或是分娩传播[3]
诊断方法尿液,子宫颈、阴道或尿道的拭子[2]
预防避免性行为、使用保险套、只和确认未感染的性伴侣进行性行为[1]
治疗抗生素阿奇霉素多西环素[2]
患病率4.2%(女性),2.7%(男性)[4][5]
死亡数~200(2015年)[6]
分类和外部资源
医学专科传染病英语Infectious disease (medical specialty)妇科学泌尿外科
ICD-111A81
ICD-10A55、​A56.8、​A70、​A74.9
ICD-9-CM079.88、​079.98、​078.88
DiseasesDB2384
MedlinePlus001345
eMedicine214823
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

衣原体感染(Chlamydia infection)是由沙眼衣原体(Chlamydia trachomatis)造成的性传染病[3],大部分的人没有症状[1],若有症状,会在感染后数周就会出现[1]。女性的症状包括阴道分泌物排尿疼痛[1],男性的症状包括阴茎分泌物、排尿疼痛或是附睾炎[1]。女性的衣原体感染可能扩散到上生殖腔,造成骨盆腔发炎,导致不孕或是异位妊娠[2]。若眼部反复感染,又没有治疗,可能会导致沙眼发展中国家最常见的失明原因[7]

衣原体会透过阴道性行为肛交口交传播,若产妇带有衣原体,在分娩时也会传染给婴儿[1]。若是在卫生条件较差的地区,眼部的感染也可能是因为个人接触、苍蝇或是受污染的毛巾所造成[7]。沙眼衣原体感染只会发生在人类身上[8]。诊断一般会透过疾病筛检进行,若是二十五岁以下,经常有性行为的女性、其他高危险群的女性建议每年要进行筛检,而第一次产前检查时也会进行[1][2]。检查可以透过尿液或是子宫颈、阴道或是尿道的拭子来测试[2],若有感染,需要再配合直肠或是口腔拭子来确认[2]

预防方式包括禁欲、使用保险套、只和没有感染衣原体的单一性伴侣进行性行为[1]。衣原体感染可以用阿奇霉素或是多西环素抗细菌药治疗[2],若针对婴儿或是孕妇,建议用红霉素或是阿奇霉素治疗[2]。病患的性伴侣也需要接受治疗,而且建议七天内不要进行性行为,到症状消失后才进行性行为[2]。受感染者也需要检查是否有罹患淋病梅毒人类免疫缺乏病毒[2]。在治疗后的三个月需再接受检查[2]

衣原体是全球常见的性传染疾病之一,约有4.2%的女性及2.7%男性感染[5][4]。2015年全球就有6100万个新病例[9]。美国在2014年就有1400万人感染衣原体[3]。最容易感染的年龄在15岁到25岁之间,女性比男性容易受感染[3][2]。2015年有200人因为感染衣原体而死亡[6]。衣原体的英文chlamydia源自希腊文chlamydia(披风)[10]

参考资料

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Chlamydia - CDC Fact Sheet. CDC. May 19, 2016 [10 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于11 June 2016). 
  2. ^ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2015 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines. CDC. June 4, 2015 [10 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于11 June 2016). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 2014 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Surveillance Chlamydia. November 17, 2015 [10 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于10 June 2016). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Newman, Lori; Rowley, Jane; Vander Hoorn, Stephen; Wijesooriya, Nalinka Saman; Unemo, Magnus; Low, Nicola; Stevens, Gretchen; Gottlieb, Sami; Kiarie, James; Temmerman, Marleen; Meng, Zhefeng. Global Estimates of the Prevalence and Incidence of Four Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections in 2012 Based on Systematic Review and Global Reporting. PLOS ONE. 8 December 2015, 10 (12): e0143304. PMC 4672879可免费查阅. PMID 26646541. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143304. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) Fact sheet N°110. who.int. December 2015 [10 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于25 November 2014). 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.. Lancet. 8 October 2016, 388 (10053): 1459–1544. PMC 5388903可免费查阅. PMID 27733281. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 CDC - Trachoma, Hygiene-related Diseases, Healthy Water. Center For Disease Control. December 28, 2009 [2015-07-24]. (原始内容存档于September 5, 2015). 
  8. ^ Graeter, Linda. Elsevier's Medical Laboratory Science Examination Review. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2014: 30. ISBN 9780323292412. (原始内容存档于2017-09-10). 
  9. ^ GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence, Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.. Lancet. 8 October 2016, 388 (10053): 1545–1602. PMC 5055577可免费查阅. PMID 27733282. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. 
  10. ^ Stevenson, Angus. Oxford dictionary of English. 3rd. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. 2010: 306 [10 June 2016]. ISBN 9780199571123. (原始内容存档于10 September 2017). 

外部链接

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衣原体感染
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