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血清型

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血清型(serotype,serovar)是指利用血清学方法,在细菌病毒的一个物种内或在不同个体的免疫细胞间区分出的类型[1]。血清分型(serotyping)可将同种或同亚种的机体细胞按不同的表面抗原在流行病学上或免疫学上进一步鉴别分型。

例如肠道沙门氏菌(Salmonella enterica)此菌种有6个亚种,再进一步细分为超过2,600个血清型,其中一血清型写法为:Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium[2],或同模式异名:Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:1,2[3]

血清型的决定是由很多种类的因素而形成的,其中不乏包括病毒性革兰氏阴性菌表层的脂多糖外毒素、细菌的质粒噬菌体等。通过聚合酶链式反应,也可以利用基因特性来分别不同的血清型。

血清型与器官移植

人体的免疫系统中,也有以血清型来分别“自我”和“外来”的机制。例如白血球上的主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)如果认出了移植器官细胞表面为外来细胞时,白血球会产生抵抗力,导致血管堵塞坏死。所以器官移植前一般都会先检查病患的血清型和器官捐赠人的血清型。

参考

  1. ^ Ryan KJ, Ray CG, Sherris JC (编). Sherris Medical Microbiology 4th. McGraw Hill. 2004. ISBN 978-0-8385-8529-0. 
  2. ^ 存档副本. [2021-12-10]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-10). 
  3. ^ 存档副本. [2021-12-10]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-10). 
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血清型
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