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鸟山石燕编纂的《今昔百鬼拾遗》插图
和汉三才图会里的蜃

,是中国神话传说的一种海怪,形似大牡蛎(另有巨大文蛤、水等说法),能吐气,并形成为海市蜃楼。该词出自《史记·天官书》:“海旁蜃气像楼台;广野气成宫阙然。”原指海边或沙漠中,由于光线的反射和折射,空中或地面出现虚幻的楼台城郭。现多比喻虚无缥渺的事物。又《礼记·月令》:“雉入大水为蜃”[1],相传随侯珠产于蜃蛤。[2]

概要

中国古书《汇苑》里记载,春天和夏天时会从海中吐气形成楼台。[3]这个传说在日本也广泛地传闻,根据江户时代鸟山石燕的妖怪画集《今昔百鬼拾遗》,以“蜃气楼”的名字,描绘了大文蛤吐气成楼阁的姿态,解说文则是引用中国的史记“蜃是大蛤变成的”的叙述。[4](参照图片左上方的解说文字)

脚注

  1. ^ 《说文解字》曰:雉入水所化。又时刄切。
  2. ^ 《潜夫论·论荣》: 随氏之珠,产于蜃蛤。
  3. ^ 日野巌. 動物妖怪譚. 中公文库 . 中央公论新社. 2006: 245页. ISBN 978-4-12-204791-4. 
  4. ^ 高田卫监修 稲田笃信・田中直日编. 鳥山石燕 画図百鬼夜行. 国书刊行会. 1992: 188–189页. ISBN 978-4-336-03386-4. 

延伸阅读

[在维基数据]

维基文库中的相关文本:钦定古今图书集成·博物汇编·禽虫典·蜃部》,出自陈梦雷古今图书集成
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