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药罗葛氏

药罗葛氏回纥文𐰖𐰍𐰞𐰴𐰺 ŷĝl̂k̂r̂Yâĝlâk̂âr即Yaγlakhar,中古汉语:*jiɐk̚ lɑ kɑt̚)或夜落纥氏(中古汉语:*jia lɑk̚ ɦət̚),今译亚拉格家(西部裕固语:Yaĝlak̂),是漠北回鹘汗国最早的统治者家族,其后成为甘州回鹘汗国的王族。

起源

药罗葛氏源于回纥神话中的卜可汗,在唐代时药罗葛氏成为回纥人的王族,采用俟斤作头衔,第一个有正式纪录的回纥俟利发时健

中华民国大陆时期,经中央研究院陈述论证,药罗葛与唐代所称的“曳落河、拽落何”,宋代所称的“夜落纥、夜落隔、夜落”,辽金时期的“迭剌、曳剌、移剌客、移剌里、迭剌葛、达剌乖”等译名均为突厥-回鹘语的“健儿、勇士”之意(arlik)。用以称呼军队、部族、官号、姓氏、山川河流等等,因音译使用不同汉字而产生诸多诠释,“河、里、隔、葛、客”等均为尾音,音译时译者时加时略。

历史

795年奉诚可汗死后,药罗葛氏被𨁂跌氏取代,然而往后的可汗仍冒姓药罗葛氏获得声望。但其余的氏族成员被流放到长安。2010年在西安发现了一个墓志铭,是奉诚可汗的弟弟,他于795年6月11日死于感冒,并于795年6月28日被安葬。

蘗罗葛氏一个分支在890年开始统治甘州回鹘直到1052年被西夏打败。俄罗斯突厥学者尤里·阿列克谢耶维奇·祖耶夫认为药罗葛氏后来成为迭列斤蒙古的札剌亦儿部。

今天裕固族中的杨姓也来自药罗葛氏。

参考

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药罗葛氏
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