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有情.
有情(梵语:सत्त्व;IAST:sattva)或有情众生,乃为佛教术语,音译为萨埵、萨多波,旧译为众生,或称为含识[1],即一切有心识、有感情、有见闻觉知之生命体。相对于有情,草木、土石、山河、大地等则称为非情或无情。梵语“sattva”亦带有“存有”、“存在”(或存有者、存在者)、“生者”、“真者”、“实者”之义。众生 众多生死的意思
在印度教数论中,有情是物质的三种特性(也称三德)之一。
有情的分类
由于有情众生的业差别不同,由无数不同的业就形成无数不同种类的众生。但也可分为几大类,分类的方法有数种,其中五趣、六趣最常见。值得注意的是,佛教的众生平等指佛性(众生皆有佛性)的平等,非果位成就的平等,故一方面强调不杀生、一方面强调三善道与三恶道(人道与畜生道)之别。
- 五趣:地狱、饿鬼、畜生、人、天。
- 六趣:地狱、饿鬼、畜生、人、天、阿修罗
- 七识住:身异想异处、身异想一处、身一想异处、身一想一处、空无边处、识无边处、无所有处
- 九有情居(或称九有):欲界的人与天,初禅天、二禅天、三禅天、四禅天的无想天、空处、识处、无所有处、非想非非想处 不是想 不是非想
- 六十二种有情[2]:那落迦、旁生、鬼、天、人、刹帝利、婆罗门、吠舍、戍陀罗、女、男、非男非女、劣、中、妙、在家、出家、苦行、非苦行、律仪、不律仪、非律仪非不律仪、离欲、未离欲、邪性定聚、正性定聚、不定性聚、苾刍、苾刍尼、正学、勤策男、勤策女、近事男、近事女、习断者、习诵者、净施人、宿长、中年、少年、轨范师、亲教师、共住弟子及近住弟子、宾客、营僧事者、贪利养恭敬者、厌舍者、多闻者、大福智者、法随法行者、持经者、持律者、持论者、异生、见谛、有学、无学、声闻、独觉、菩萨、如来、转轮王。
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