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查干萨日 .
查干萨日 (蒙古语 :Цагаан сар / ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ,意译为“白月”,即正月,又称为白节、白月节)是蒙古族 的新年,也是蒙古族每年最盛大的传统节日[ 1] [ 2] 。
古代蒙古族以草木纪年,每年在水草丰美、牛奶香纯的秋季过新年,并以八月二十八日为年终,在这一天举行秋祭。[ 3] “查干萨日”是八月之后的第一个月,也是每年岁首的第一个月,称为“奶酪月”。由于蒙古语中把奶酪 称为“查嘎”,派生为形容词“查干”(意为“白”),故这个月便称作“查干萨日”。[ 4] [ 1]
后来在十三世纪时,由于受到汉族 文化的影响,忽必烈 将新年从秋季改为了农历正月。马可波罗 曾在其游记中记载过当时蒙古新年的盛况。虽然纪年方式发生了改变,不过“查干萨日”这一名称却一直保留至今。[ 3]
时至今日,中国蒙古族过的查干萨日与中国农历春节的日期相同。而蒙古国 查干萨日的日期则与藏历新年 相同。[ 5] [ 6] 不过蒙古天文历法界对于是该继续沿用藏历计算方法还是采用中国农历方法一直存在争论。[ 7] [ 8]
非洲
埃塞俄比亚历
梅里纳新年 (马达加斯加)
伊斯兰历
Nayrouz (Coptic)
Yennayer (Berber)
美洲
北美
Yancuic Xīhuitl (Aztec)
Quviasukvik (Inuit)
Hobiyee (Nisg̱a'a)
南美
太阳节 (印加)
Willkakuti (Aymara)
We Tripantu (Mapuche)
亚洲
东亚 南亚
Vaisakhi (Punjabi, North & Central India (Solar), Nepali)
Chaitra Navaratri (North & Central India (Lunar))
Navreh (Kashmiri)
Cheti Chand (Sindhi)
Balipratipada (Gujarati, Rajasthani)
Bohag Bihu (Assamese)
Pahela Baishakh (Bengali)
Pana Sankranti (Odia)
Jur Sital (Maithili)
Mha Puja (Newari)
Losoong (Sikkimese)
燃灯节 (拉达克)
Gyalpo Lhosar (Sherpa)
Tamu Lhosar (Gurung)
Sonam Lhosar (Tamang)
Maghe Sankranti (Rai, Tharu, Magar)
Bwisagu (Bodo)
Sajibu Cheiraoba (Meitei, Pangal, Meitei Christian)
Buisu (Tripuri)
Sangken (Tai)
Bizhu (Chakma)
Gudi Padwa (Marathi, Konkani)
Ugadi (Telugu, Kannada)
Bisu Parba (Tulu)
Puthandu (Tamil)
Vishu (Malayali)
Aluth Avurudda (Sinhala)
Baha Parab (Santali)
东南亚
宋干节
静居日 (峇厘岛)
Satu Suro (Javanese)
越南新年
西亚与中亚
回历新年
Kha b-Nisan (Assyrian)
Nauruz (Afghan)
Navruz (Uzbek)
诺露兹节 (巴哈伊历)
Newroz (Kurd)
Yazidi New Year
纳吾肉孜节 (阿塞拜疆)
纳吾肉孜节 (伊朗)
Nowruz (Mazandarani)
犹太新年 (希伯来历)
Dehwa Rabba (Mandaean)
Nogbon (Ossetian)
北亚
欧洲
元旦 (格里高利历,儒略历)
东正教新年 (传统儒略历)
大洋洲
Makahiki (Hawaii)
Matariki (Māori)
参见
阴历新年
South and Southeast Asian solar New Year
Indian New Year's days
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