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营养繁殖 .
落地生根 (Kalanchoe pinnata )在叶片的边缘上长出约1厘米高的小个体。Kalanchoe daigremontiana produces plantlets along the margins of its leaves. When they are mature enough, they drop off and root in any suitable soil beneath.Vegetative reproduction from a stem cutting less than a week old. Some species are more conducive to this means of propagation than others. 一个葡萄风信子属 (Muscari spp.)物种的球根在地下繁殖,成为了两颗球根,然后这两颗球根会分别长出一株花茎。 营养繁殖 是植物 无性繁殖 的方法之一,指植物透过扦插 其植株部分或特化了的繁殖器官而长出新植株的无性生殖 方式[1] 。这些特化了的“营养器官 ”可以是根 、茎 或叶 ,其基本功能是维持植物生命,这些功用抱括了如:光合作用 等。但在某些状况之下,可能有无性生殖 /营养生殖,意指,这些营养器官可能成为繁衍的亲本,由这些器官生长出新的个体。植物各个营养器官均有一定的再生能力,如枝条能长出不定根,根上能产生不定芽等,从而长成整体。
营养繁殖是不少植物自然繁殖的方式,但亦可透过人工生殖 来导引。在这个过程中,新的个体植物无需种子 或孢子 产生;人工的营养繁殖包括扦插 、压条等方法繁殖(如马铃薯 、草莓 、桑树 、柳树 等),其好处是不需等候种子发育等过程,需时较短。
苔藓 、蕨类 和低等植物以营养体断裂的方式进行营养繁殖也很普遍。
自然的营养繁殖是植物求生的一种方法。有些植物在气候良好时积累食物,储存在营养繁殖的器官当中。这类器官通常是变异的根或茎。当环境不宜,原先的植物死去。当气候转好,营养繁殖的器官便会生出枝叶,继续生长。
形式和例子:
营养繁殖的好处
营养繁殖能够保持某些栽培物的优良性征,而且繁殖速度较快,所以被广泛地应用于植物的栽培中。
营养繁殖的四种方式:
分根:用于夹竹桃,腊梅等灌木,它们的丛生茎下各自都有根,可以直接把它们分开,成为独立的植株。这种繁殖方式叫分根。
压条:用于桑,夹竹桃等植物,可以选择树上较长的枝条,把它弯下来,压埋在土中的枝条部分长出根后,再把枝条与母体截断,长成新的植株。这种方式叫压条。
扦插:用于月季,柳树,葡萄等植物,可以剪取植物上带芽的枝段,插入土中,不久这些枝段就会生根发芽,长成新的植株。这种方式叫扦插。
嫁接:用于橘,桃等果树,可以将它们的枝或芽接到另一种植物的茎或根上,使两者的形成层上(茎中具有分生能力的组织)紧贴,不久它们就会长成一体,成为一株新植物。这种繁殖方法叫嫁接。 营养繁殖成功的条件:
脱离母体的营养器官,具有再生的能力,能在离体的部分长出不定根,不定芽,从而发展成为新的独立生活的植株。
营养繁殖的特点:能够保持某些栽培植物的优良性状,且繁殖速度较快。
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