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莳萝

莳萝
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支 菊类植物 Asterids
目: 伞形目 Apiales
科: 伞形科 Apiaceae
属: 莳萝属 Anethum
种:
莳萝 A. graveolens
双名法
Anethum graveolens

shí(学名:Anethum graveolens,英语:dill)又或称刁草,是伞形科莳萝属中唯一的一种植物,为一年生草本植物,原生于西亚,后西传至地中海沿岸及欧洲各地,现今地中海和东欧为主要的生产地,外形类似茴香,高度约为一至四英尺高,黄色小花呈伞状分布,叶为针状分针。台湾话称为“茴香仔”。

特征

莳萝的花

属芹菜科的一年生草本植物,地中海、南俄罗斯、伊朗、印度北部一带是其原产地。植株外型与茴香相似,但茴香气味较甜,而莳萝则有较明显的辛香味。

成分

叶片、茎、果实的香气具有温和的辛香味,这是由于莳萝含有丰富的苯丙素三萜类化合物。另外,根据5000年前书于纸莎草纸之上的古埃及文献记载,可知莳萝曾被当作药用植物。语源来自斯堪第纳维亚语的dilla,意指“镇定”、“缓和”、“安慰”[来源请求],因莳萝本身具有缓和疼痛的镇静作用。

有效成分

药效

此外,莳萝还可用来治疗头痛、健胃整肠、消除口臭、为糖尿病及高血压等疾病患者的减盐料理增添风味、让夜啼的幼儿趋于平静等多种效果。

调味

食用多用于鱼类烹调,用以去除腥味,此外也用于在汤类、泡菜、面包以及制食物等。其果实和种子,在尚未成熟时采收使用,可以提炼成精油食用,也可以经过晾晒干燥处理成为香辛料;其叶子(又称作莳萝草)亦作为香草料,可以新鲜食用,也可以干燥加工,气味幽香,常用于鱼类烹饪。

传说

中世纪也被用来驱魔,人们多数喜欢在门口或窗上结挂莳萝。另一方面,中世纪的人们也将莳萝当作一种祈求爱情的灵药,据说女孩或男孩有了中意人时,便会设法偷偷将莳萝塞入对方的口袋,以祈求两人能幸福相爱。

此外有些地方,新娘也会在自己的鞋子里塞进少许盐和一小枝茴香,衣服上会用莳萝装饰藉以祈求婚姻幸福。

参考资料

  1. ^ Bailer, Josef; et al. Essential oil content and composition in commercially available dill cultivars in comparison to caraway. Industrial Crops and Products (Elsevier). 2001, 14 (3): 229 – 239. doi:10.1016/S0926-6690(01)00088-7. 
  2. ^ Santos, Pedro A.G.; et al. Hairy root cultures of Anethum graveolens (dill): establishment, growth, time-course study of their essential oil and its comparison with parent plant oils. Biotechnology Letters (Springer). 2002, 24 (12): 1031 – 1036. doi:10.1023/A:1015653701265. 
  3. ^ Singh, Gurdip; Maurya, Sumitra; Lampasona, M.P.; Catalan, C.; et al. Chemical Constituents, Antimicrobial Investigations, and Antioxidative Potentials of Anethum graveolens L. Essential Oil and Acetone Extract: Part 52. Journal of Food Science (John Wiley & Sons). 2005, 70 (4): M208–M215 [2009-07-28]. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb07190.x. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Dhalwal, Kamlesh; et al. Efficient and Sensitive Method for Quantitative Determination and Validation of Umbelliferone, Carvone and Myristicin in Anethum graveolens and Carum carvi Seed. Chromatographia (Springer). 2008, 67 (1 - 2): 163 – 167. doi:10.1365/s10337-007-0473-6. 
  5. ^ Blank, I.; W. Grosch. Evaluation of Potent Odorants in Dill Seed and Dill Herb (Anethum graveolens L.) by Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis. Journal of Food Science (John Wiley & Sons). 1991, 56 (1): 63 – 67. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb07976.x. 

延伸阅读

[在维基数据]

维基文库中的相关文本:钦定古今图书集成·博物汇编·草木典·莳萝部》,出自陈梦雷古今图书集成
维基文库中的相关文本:植物名实图考·莳萝》,出自吴其濬《植物名实图考》

外部链接

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莳萝
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