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莫臥兒—萨非战争 (1649年—1653年).
莫臥兒-萨非战争 (1649年-1653年),是印度莫臥兒帝国与伊朗萨非王朝第二次为争夺阿富汗坎大哈而发生的战争。
背景
伊朗萨非王朝宣称坎大哈主权始自塔赫玛斯普一世,当时莫臥兒皇帝胡马雍被苏尔王朝与兄弟卡姆兰赶走,为复位答应割让坎大哈给伊朗。随后冲突出现在莫臥兒皇帝贾汉季在位期间,因为当地大多数民众反对萨非王朝统治并经常在莫臥兒军队服役。
在莫臥兒帝国沙贾汉统治时期,伊朗在阿富汗西北强大起来。在1638年沙贾汉在当地伊朗将领投降下收复坎大哈。
战争
1648年夏天国王阿拔斯二世和40000名士兵从伊斯法罕出发,攻下拉什卡尔加,在1649年2月22日围攻坎大哈,很容易攻占到它。但在1651年莫臥兒军队于1651年试图夺回这座城市,但冬季的到来迫使他们暂停围攻。
沙贾汗派奥朗则布率50000名士兵以夺回坎大哈,但尽管他击败了城外的萨非军队但他的炮兵却无法夺回该城。奥朗则布在1652年试图再次攻占要塞,而布哈拉汗国的阿卜杜勒·阿齐兹汗在1652年5月已经与阿拔斯二世结成一个联盟,他派出10000人到喀布尔骚扰莫臥兒军队补给线。战斗经过两个月,因乌兹别克人的侵扰和久攻不下,奥朗则布被迫放弃战斗。
在1653年,沙贾汗派他最爱的大王子达拉·希科率一支庞大的军队和两个帝国最重火力的火炮部队试图夺回坎大哈,但围攻的莫臥兒军队无法以饥饿逼降,也未能通过炮火攻破他们的城墙,五个月后莫臥兒军队终于放弃恢复坎大哈的所有尝试。
参考
- Burton, Audrey (1997). The Bukharans:a dynastic, diplomatic, and commercial history, 1550–1702. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9780312173876.
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