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草地生态系统.
草地生态系统(grassland),是以草本植物为主,可为野生动物提供生存场所的一系列生态系统的泛称。
类型
草地生态系统包括草原、莽原等。还有由草丛为主要成分的干热河谷灌草丛生境。按群落分,又可分为草原群落、草甸和草丛。[1]狗牙根草甸. [2022-01-21]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-21). 并成为令大量美洲国家与地区头疼的入侵物种;白羊草则可在半湿润区的温带草甸中滋生草丛,[2]成为森林草原间奇特的物种。[3]但总体来说,草甸分布于更加寒冷的地区,例如,中国的草甸和草丛大致以长城为界。
高山草原及高山草甸属高山稀疏植被生态系统,均以多年生高寒草本植物为主,二者即不属于草原也不属于草甸,在分类上可算作草本型冻原的一种情形但由于更高海拔的高山苔原有所区别。
形成条件
草地生态系统由大气、土壤、生物等共同作用形成。其中,大气温度、降水量占主导地位。
莽原
发生于南、北半球副热带高压的两侧,环绕热带沙漠而分布,代表地区为北非撒哈拉沙漠的外缘、西南亚洲、北美西南部及南半球的澳洲。其位向赤道一方者,夏季与热带莽原气候(Tropical Savanna Climate,Aw)相接,降雨量集中夏季,属于夏雨型热带草原(BShw)。位向极地一方者,冬期因西风带南移,与地中海型气候相连,降雨偏集在冬期,为冬雨型热带草原(BShs)。
世界各地的草地生态系统
高山草甸
洒犁哥是安第斯山高原上的森林草甸草原冻原系统。
青藏高原的高山草原中也有草甸分布。
草甸
草原
莽原
干热河谷
参考资料
- ^ Schimper, A. F. W. 1898. Pflanzen-Geographie auf physiologischer Grundlage. Fisher, Jena. 876 pp.
可以在亚热带莽原等草地生态系统中滋生草甸
- ^ 白羊草草丛. [2022-01-21]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-21).
- ^ 试论中国暖温带落叶阔叶林区域的边界. 植物生态学与地植物学丛刊.
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