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英热单位.
英热单位(英语:British thermal unit,缩写:BTU,有时亦会写为 Btu), 是一个传统英制的能量或热量单位,约等于1,055焦耳,是将一磅的水由华氏63度加热至华氏64度所需的热能。[1] 此单位通常用于蒸汽机、暖气、冷气、电热等产业中。一般情况下,科学界通常使用SI制标准单位——焦耳来衡量能量或热量。
定义
1 BTU 的定义为在1个大气压下把1英磅(0.454千克)的水提高温度1℉(0.556℃)所需的热量。由于细部定义上的不同,不同的BTU单位之间存在些许差异,最大可能相差约0.5%。
温度 |
BTU 所相当的焦耳数 |
附注
|
39°F |
≈ 1,059.67 |
使用水在最大密度 (4°C) 时的卡路里値
|
平均 |
≈ 1,055.87 |
使用水在 0°C 至 100°C 间的平均卡路里値
|
IT |
≡ 1,055.05585262 |
最广泛使用的 BTU 定义。 使用国际蒸汽表 (International Steam Table, IT) 卡路里,在1956年于英国伦敦举行的第五次蒸汽性质国际会议[2]中,定义 1 卡为 4.1868 J (精确定义)。
|
ISO |
≡ 1,055.056 |
依国际标准 ISO 31-4[3] 的附录A,使用 IT 卡路里,并四舍五入到适当有效位数
|
59°F |
≡ 1,054.804 |
主要用于美国,使用 15°C 卡路里,定为 4.1855 J (精确定义)[4]
|
60°F |
≈ 1,054.68 |
主要用于加拿大
|
63°F |
≈ 1,054.6 |
|
热化学 |
≡ 1,054.35026444 |
使用热化学 (thermochemical) 卡路里,即 4.184 J (精确定义)
|
换算
1 BTU 约等于:
- 1.054 至 1.060 kJ(千焦耳)
- 0.293071 W·h(瓦时)
- 252 ~ 253 cal(卡路里,“小卡”)
- 0.25 kcal(千卡,千卡路里,“大卡”)
- 25 031 ~ 25 160 ft·pdl(呎磅达)
- 778 ~ 782 ft·lbf(呎磅,呎磅力)
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