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船尾座RS

船尾座RS(RS Puppis)

哈伯拍摄的船尾座RS
观测资料
历元 J2000.0
星座 船尾座
星官
赤经 08h 13m 04.21601s[1]
赤纬 -34° 34′ 42.7023″[1]
视星等(V) 6.5-7.6[2]
特性
光谱分类G2Ib[3] (F9 - G7[4])
U−B 色指数1.2[5]
B−V 色指数1.5[5]
变星类型造父一[4]
天体测定
径向速度 (Rv)24.60[6] km/s
自行 (μ) 赤经:-3.19[1] mas/yr
赤纬:2.33[1] mas/yr
视差 (π)0.5844 ± 0.0260[7] mas
距离5,600 ± 200 ly
(1,710 ± 80 pc)
绝对星等 (MV)-5.70[8]
详细资料
质量9.2[8] M
半径191[9] (164 - 208) R
亮度21,700[9] (14,200 - 29,500) L
温度5,060[9] (4,640 - 5,850) K
金属量 [Fe/H]0.17[10] dex
年龄28[10] Myr
其他命名
HD 68860、HIP 40233、 SAO 198944、CD−34°4488
参考数据库
SIMBAD资料

船尾座RS PuppisRS Pup)是在船尾座的一颗造父变星,与地球的距离大约是6,000 ly。它是银河系中已知最亮的造父变星之一,在这类变星中拥有长达41.5天的变光周期,也是这类变星中周期最长的。

距离

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船尾座RS的正确距离很重要,因为造父变星是测量银河系和附近星系距离的宇宙阶梯

因为它位于一个巨大的星云中,天文学家在2008年使用位于智利拉西拉天文台欧南天文台新技术望远镜,通过严格的几何分析来自星云中分子的光回波距离来测量距离它的距离,确定它与地球的距离是1,992正负28秒差距(6,497正负91光年) 。截至2008年初,这是对任何造父变星所进行的最准确的测量[11]

在2014年,哈伯太空望远镜使用先进巡天照相机再度以光回波的偏振影像测量。通过这次测量得到的距离是1,910正负80秒差距(6,230正负260光年).[8]

盖亚释出的第二批资料,直接以几何视差测量是0.5844±0.0260 mas,相当于1,710正负80秒差距(5,580正负260光年).[7]

变异性

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船尾座RS是一颗经典造父变星,由于脉动,它的大小和表面温度都会变化,因此它的亮度也随之改变。它的视星等最大值是+6.52,最小值是+7.67。光变曲线显示亮度上升快速,但下降缓慢,时间相差约为3倍[12]。它正常的变化周期是41.5天,但有非常缓慢且不稳定的改变。例如,这一周期平均每年变化约144.7秒,但有时会几年保持不变[9]

船尾座RS的变光周期超过10天,被认为是一颗长周期的造父变星。唯一接近它的长周期造父变星是海石四(船底座ι,HD 84810)。造父变星遵循周光关系,绝对星等越亮的有越长的周期。因此,有最长变光周期的船尾座RS,也是在银河系中最明亮的造父变星之一[9]

性质

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船尾座RS是一颗超巨星,尽管其光谱类型会随温度的变化在F9和G7之间变化,其光谱分类为G2Ib。它位于恒星演化赫罗图的不稳定带,并且根据它的周期变化率被认为是第三次穿越这个地区。第三次横越发生在恒星演化在朝向温度较冷方向升高亮度执行蓝循环的阶段之后。第三次穿越不稳定带比在一离开主序带之后的第一次穿越要晚得多[2]

船尾座RS每45.1天脉动一次,在此期间其半径、温度和亮度都会变化。通常,长周期造父变星都在他的基本模式下脉动[13]。半径在164 R和208 R之间变化,然而在不同的周期之间也会有些不同。温度在最低4,640 K5,850 K之间变化,还有光度在14200 L和29500 L之间变化[9]

图集

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参考资料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Van Leeuwen, F. Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2007, 474 (2): 653–664. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. arXiv:0708.1752可免费查阅. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Berdnikov, L. N.; Henden, A. A.; Turner, D. G.; Pastukhova, E. N. Search for evolutionary changes in Cepheid periods using the Harvard plate collection: RS Puppis. Astronomy Letters. 2009, 35 (6): 406. Bibcode:2009AstL...35..406B. doi:10.1134/S1063773709060061. 
  3. ^ Luck, R. Earle; Bond, Howard E. Supergiants and the Galactic metallicity gradient. II - Spectroscopic abundances for 64 distant F- to M-type supergiants. Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 1989, 71: 559. Bibcode:1989ApJS...71..559L. doi:10.1086/191386. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007–2013). VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/gcvs. Originally Published In: 2009yCat....102025S. 2009, 1: 02025. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Schaltenbrand, R.; Tammann, G. A. The light curve parameters of photoelectrically observed galactic Cepheids. Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 1971, 4: 265. Bibcode:1971A&AS....4..265S. 
  6. ^ Gontcharov, G. A. Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35 495 Hipparcos stars in a common system. Astronomy Letters. November 2006, 32 (11): 759–771. Bibcode:2006AstL...32..759G. arXiv:1606.08053可免费查阅. doi:10.1134/S1063773706110065. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; et al. Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2018. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. arXiv:1804.09365可免费查阅. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051.  VizieR中此天体在盖亚望远镜第二批数据发布的记录
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Kervella, P.; Bond, H. E.; Cracraft, M.; Szabados, L.; Breitfelder, J.; Mérand, A.; Sparks, W. B.; Gallenne, A.; Bersier, D.; Fouqué, P.; Anderson, R. I. The long-period Galactic Cepheid RS Puppis. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2014, 572 (7): A7. Bibcode:2014A&A...572A...7K. arXiv:1408.1697可免费查阅. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201424395. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Kervella, Pierre; Trahin, Boris; Bond, Howard E; Gallenne, Alexandre; Szabados, Laszlo; Mérand, Antoine; Breitfelder, Joanne; Dailloux, Julien; Anderson, Richard I; Fouqué, Pascal; Gieren, Wolfgang; Nardetto, Nicolas; Pietrzyński, Grzegorz. Observational calibration of the projection factor of Cepheids. III. The long-period Galactic Cepheid RS Puppis. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2017, 600 (127): A127. Bibcode:2017A&A...600A.127K. arXiv:1701.05192可免费查阅. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201630202. 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Marsakov, V. A.; Koval’, V. V.; Kovtyukh, V. V.; Mishenina, T. V. Properties of the population of classical Cepheids in the Galaxy. Astronomy Letters. 2013, 39 (12): 851. Bibcode:2013AstL...39..851M. doi:10.1134/S1063773713120050. 
  11. ^ Kervella, P; Mérand, A; Szabados, L; Fouqué, P; Bersier, D; Pompei, E; Perrin, G. The long-period Galactic Cepheid RS Puppis. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2008, 480: 167–178. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078961. 
  12. ^ Watson, C. L. The International Variable Star Index (VSX). The Society for Astronomical Sciences 25th Annual Symposium on Telescope Science. Held May 23–25. 2006, 25: 47. Bibcode:2006SASS...25...47W. 
  13. ^ Anderson, Richard I. Tuning in on Cepheids: Radial velocity amplitude modulations. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2014, 566: L10. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201423850. 


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船尾座RS
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