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般若学派

学派大乘佛教中的早期派系,以修习般若空义为主,以须菩提舍利弗文殊师利菩萨等人为始祖。《般若经》为他们所尊奉的经典,也是由他们教义的集成。中观学派为他们的直系后裔。魏晋南北朝时由鸠摩罗什等人传入中国,道安称为本无宗,在汉传佛教中有六家七宗的说法。

语源语义

”为梵语Prajñā音译,本义为“超越之智慧”。字根为प्र-(Pra)超越的、超前的,印欧语同源词包括英语、拉丁语pre-,pro-等,均义为向前、前面、超过;和ज्ञा(jñā,知觉、知识或了解),印欧语同源词包括拉丁语gnoscere、希腊语gignoskein、俄语znat、英语know等。 因此,在字面上,慧(Prajñā)有是一种高级的知觉能力,是一种分辨因缘、于简择的能力[1][2]有情众生都拥有这种能力。具备慧的人,可依自己的观察力,来选择正确的道路;缺少智慧,即是愚痴无明

历史

教义

般若思想是佛教般若经典中蕴含的一种思想,概括来说就是(śūnyatā)的思想。世间众生对于身外所认识的万事万物,以致他们的自身,认为都是真实的东西,般若学派认为,这种观念是由于无明(avidyā)导致颠倒,即是把虚幻的、假的东西倒过来视为真实的,而般若这种智慧能让我们洞悉一切事物都是因缘和合而生的,没有真实的自体存在。在这里,所谓真实的自体,又称为“自性”,否定自性的存在就是空。

经典

  1. ^ 玄奘译《阿毘达磨俱舍论》卷4:“慧,谓于法能有简择。”
  2. ^ 《阿毘达磨顺正理论》卷10:“简择所缘邪正等相,说名为慧。”
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般若学派
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