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舟师

中国自宋代称掌握海上船只航行的管理、技术人员为舟师。宋徽宗宣和元年（1119年）朱彧撰《萍洲可谈》中记载关于元符年间（1098年－1100年）广州海船的舟师用地文、天文和指南针导航：“舟师识地理，夜则观星，昼则观日，阴晦观指南针”。舟师必须懂得观日、观星、观罗针，结合水文、地文情况根据海道针经导航。如果是开发新的航路，舟师必须记录下这条新航路上每一段海路的针路。

到明代，分工更细，“舟师”指所有船员，而当中专门掌握罗盘的人员称为火长。

舟师组织

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每艘船舶设

  • 舶主 一人。属下有
    • 财长
    • 总管
    • 直库 掌管兵器库。
    • 阿班 掌管风帆、上船桅杆。
    • 舵工 二人轮班
    • 火长 掌握罗盘

参考

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舟师
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