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台湾制脑.
台湾制脑株式会社为台湾日治时期1919年成立的会社,是整并台湾的各樟脑制成业者而来,本社位于台北市滨町,在各处设有出张所与诘所,主要从事樟脑开采、制造与造林等事业。之后因不敌人造樟脑的竞争,台湾制脑在1934年7月解散,而台湾的樟脑事业则改由台湾总督府专卖局经营。
沿革
在台湾清治时期即有樟脑的生产与贩售行为,当时的制脑资金主要来自洋行、中国商人及其代理人。在台湾进入日治时期之后,台湾总督府逐步排除外国人在台湾制脑的势力,并在1899年实施樟脑专卖制度。樟脑专卖制度规定各制脑业者须向樟脑卖给樟脑局,并由官方主导樟脑的贩卖价格。樟脑在经由专卖局收买后,最初委托外商三美路商会贩售,在1907年改由三井会社代理[1]。自1908年,由于台湾的樟脑逐渐与国外的人造樟脑产生兢争,加上受到一战后的景气影响,台湾总督府专卖局从1917年,以会社整合与增进业者利益为由,开始劝说各制脑业者合并;因此台湾的14家制脑会社在1919年合并,在台北成立“台湾制脑株式会社”[2]。
台湾制脑的樟脑贩售成绩良好,而以樟脑为原料之一的赛璐珞工业在1930年代兴起后,使得樟脑需求大增;但因人造樟脑制成已逐渐成熟,台湾的制脑事业受到强烈竞争。为了与人造樟脑竞争,台湾制脑株式会社在1934年7月解散,改由台湾总督府专买局经营制脑事业,将台湾制脑的各派出所合并为专卖支局与出张所。至日治时期结束前,台湾樟脑的生产与销售皆由官方所经营。
出张所
台湾制脑株式会社在全台个制脑地设有出张所和诘所,且因樟脑原料产地皆位于山区,台湾制脑各地出张所所长多由蕃地的警察官吏担任。
- 台湾制脑本社:位于台北市滨町二丁目2番地,直辖新店监理诘所、坪林监理诘所、基隆收纳诘所
参考资料
- ^ 何凤娇. 赤司初太郎在臺灣的樟腦經營 (PDF). 国立台湾图书馆. 2013-12.
- ^ 陈慈玉. 日治時期出口品的流通機制 (PDF). 第一届台湾研究世界大会. 2012.
- ^ 臺灣製腦株式會社 第三回營業報告書. 台湾制脑株式会社. 1921.
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