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自指

吞食自己尾巴的衔尾蛇是自指的一个符号[1]

自然语言形式语言中,如果一句句子直接或间接提及自身,就称为自指(Self-reference)。[2]自指可以是直接的,比如说谎者悖论,也可以是通过另外一句句子间接提及自身,还可以是通过某种编码反应自身,自指的语句常常会造成悖论

数学哲学计算机科学语言学中都有针对自指的研究。在数学中,对自指的研究最终导致了著名的哥德尔不完备定理。在哲学中,“自指”一词也指代主体谈论或提及自身的能力。在中文中,通常使用第一人称代词“”指代自身。在计算机科学中,有著名的停机问题。计算机程序中的自指主要为递归

参考资料

  1. ^ Soto-Andrade, Jorge; Jaramillo, Sebastian; Gutierrez, Claudio; Letelier, Juan-Carlos. Ouroboros avatars: A mathematical exploration of Self-reference and Metabolic Closure (PDF). MIT Press. [2015-05-16]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-08-30). 
  2. ^ Gupta, Anil. Self-Reference, < Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy(Summer 2020 Edition)>. [2020-12-28]. (原始内容存档于2021-06-10). 

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自指
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