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肾静脉血栓

肾静脉血栓意指在引流肾脏的肾静脉中形成血块,导致患侧肾脏静脉血流量下降,且血块有可能会移行到身体他处。本症由德国病理学家Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen于1861年首次描述,最常发生于:凝血异常或脱水的新生婴儿,与患有肾病症候群的成年人。 [1]

肾病症候群会导致尿液蛋白质过度流失, 血液中白蛋白低下,胆固醇升高水肿 ,导致血液容易凝固,增加形成血块的危险。 其他较少见的原因包括高凝血状态,癌症,肾脏移植, Behcet症候群抗磷脂症候群,或背部或腹部的钝伤。 [2]

治疗主要在于防止肾脏进一步形成血块与维持稳定的肾功能。 抗凝剂的使用是标准治疗。 [1] 膜性肾小球肾炎是成年人肾病症候群的最常见原因,发生率高峰在40-60岁的人,男性的发病率是女性的两倍。 由于肾病症候群又是肾静脉血栓的最常见的病因,因此肾静脉血栓最高危险群在于40岁以上的人和男性。 [2]

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Wessels, Hunter; McAninch, Jack W. (编). Handbook of Urological Emergencies: A Practical Guide. Totowa, N.J.: Humana Press. 2005: 171–180. ISBN 978-1-58829-256-8. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Laskowski, Igor. Renal Vein Thrombosis. [30 March 2014]. (原始内容存档于31 March 2014). 
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肾静脉血栓
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