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胸脊鲨属

胸脊鲨
化石时期:382.7–298.9 Ma
泥盆纪 - 石炭纪
Stethacanthus productus(复原图)
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes
目: 西莫利鲨目 Symmoriiformes
科: 胸脊鲨科 Stethacanthidae
属: 胸脊鲨属 Stethacanthus
Newberry, 1889
模式种
阿尔套胸脊鲨
Stethacanthus altonensis
St. John & Worthen, 1875[5]
  • S. altonensis
  • S. concavus Ginter, 2018[1]
  • S. gansuensis Wang et al., 2004[2]
  • S. neilsoni
  • S. praecursor Hussakof & Bryant, 1918[3]
  • S. resistens
  • S. thomasi
  • S. productus Newberry, 1897[4]

胸脊鲨学名Stethacanthus),又名胸棘鲨齿背鲨,是全头亚纲[6]下的一灭绝。生存于泥盆纪晚期(382.7 百万年前)至石炭纪晚期(298.9 百万年前)。其化石发现于亚洲欧洲北美洲。现存与胸脊鲨亲缘最近的物种为银鲛[6]

描述

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S. productus 与人类的体型比较
一对 S. altonensis(复原图)

胸脊鲨长约 70厘米(2.3英尺),外观像现今的鲨鱼。牠们的背鳍很特别,外形像铁砧。牠们的头部[7]及背鳍满布细小的棘,就像是现今鲨鱼盾鳞的放大版[7]。一些学者认为背鳍有求爱的作用,另有一些认为是用来自卫的、或是用来依附在大型海洋动物身上[8]

古生态学

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胸脊鲨为肉食性,以小型鱼类、腕足动物门海百合为食[9]。然而牠们形状特殊的背鳍对游泳十分不利,鱼鳍和牙齿也较同体型的鲨鱼来的小,因此胸脊鲨可能为游动缓慢的底栖鱼[10]。大多数的胸脊鲨化石均发现于美国蒙大拿州熊谷石灰岩英语Bear Gulch Limestone中,因此该地点在当时可能属于牠们的繁殖地,这意味着胸脊鲨可能具有迁徙的习性[11]

大众文化

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参考

[编辑]
  1. ^ Michał Ginter. Symmoriiform sharks from the Pennsylvanian of Nebraska. Acta Geologica Polonica. 2018, 68 (3): 391–401 [2019-01-24]. doi:10.1515/agp-2018-0009. (原始内容存档于2019-04-28). 
  2. ^ Fossilworks: Stethacanthus gansuensis. [2019-01-24]. (原始内容存档于2018-06-23). 
  3. ^ 存档副本. [2019-01-24]. (原始内容存档于2018-06-23). 
  4. ^ 存档副本. [2019-01-24]. (原始内容存档于2018-06-23). 
  5. ^ 存档副本. [2019-01-24]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-01). 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Coates, M., Gess, R., Finarelli, J., Criswell, K., Tietjen, K. 2016. A symmoriiform chondrichthyan braincase and the origin of chimaeroid fishes. Nature. doi: 10.1038/nature20806
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Palmer, D. (编). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. 1999: 27. ISBN 978-1-84028-152-1. 
  8. ^ Elasmo-research. [2019-01-24]. (原始内容存档于2017-12-31). 
  9. ^ Walker, S.E.; Brett, C.E. Predators and predation in Paleozoic marine environments. Paleontological Society Papers. 2002, 8: 93–118. 
  10. ^ Lund, Richard. Stethacanthid elasmobranch remains from the Bear Gulch Limestone (Namurian E2b) of Montana. American Museum Novitates. 1985, 2828: 1–24. 
  11. ^ Grogan, E.D.; Lund, R. The geological and biological environment of the Bear Gulch Limestone (Mississippian of Montana, USA) and a model for its deposition. Geodiversitas. 2002, 24: 295–315. 
  • Haines, Tim & Chambers, Paul. The Complete Guide to Prehistoric Life. Canada: Firefly Books Ltd. 2006. 
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胸脊鲨属
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