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胎儿镜检查

胎儿镜检查
Fetal endoscope
ICD-9-CM75.31
MeSHD005332

胎儿镜检查是妇女怀孕期间的内镜手术程序,该程序借由手术接近胎儿羊膜囊脐带和胎儿侧边的胎盘。在腹部切一个3—4mm的小切口,然后将内视镜穿过腹壁英语Abdominal wall子宫插入羊膜腔。胎儿镜检查允许进行医疗介入,例如活检(组织样本)或用激光阻塞异常血管(例如绒毛膜血管瘤英语chorioangioma)或治疗脊柱裂[1]

子宫镜检查通常在怀孕的中后期阶段进行。该程序可能会使胎儿面临不良后果的风险增加,包括流产或早产,因此必须仔细权衡风险和益恶处,以保护母亲和胎儿的健康。该程序通常由妇产科医生手术室中进行。

历史

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1945年,Björn Westin发表了一项研究,说明了他使用内视镜直接观察胚胎的情况。[2] 1966年,Agüero等人发表了一项使用宫腔镜研究,用于观察胎儿,子宫颈和子宫的各种特征。[2] 1972年,纽约州立大学下州医学中心英语SUNY Downstate Medical Center的Carlo Valenti记录了一项他称之为“内窥镜检查”的技术,该技术可直接观察发育中的胎儿。[3]Gallinat于1978年首次尝试标准化这些技术。[2]

由于这些程序具有侵入性,并且会对胎儿造成高风险,因此在1990年代以前,这些技术被大量弃用,转而偏好采用阴道超声波英语Vaginal ultrasonography检查[2]。但那时已开发出较小的仪器,可以减少胎儿的风险并为医生提供更好的视觉效果。反过来进而允许发展用医疗介入技术的外科手术,如活检[2]。1993年,卡伦(Cullen),吉拉尔迪尼(Ghirardini)和里斯(Reece)等人将此技术称为“胎儿镜检查”[2]

2000年代后,微创外科胎儿镜检查领域持续地在发展。诸如Michael Belfort和Ruben Quintero的医师已使用该技术去除子宫内胎儿的肿瘤并纠正脊柱裂。[4][5]

非手术性胎儿镜检查

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Fetoscopy是指用称为胎儿镜(fetoscope)的光纤设备所进行的手术。有些诊疗方式会透过特殊的听诊器(例如皮纳德角多普勒超声),监听胎儿心律(fetal heart rate、FHR)。这类的监听诊疗工具也称为胎儿镜(fetoscopes),但和手术无关。

相关条目

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参考资料

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  1. ^ Kohl, Thomas. Percutaneous minimally invasive fetoscopic surgery for spina bifida aperta. Part I: surgical technique and perioperative outcome.Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 44: 515–524
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Perez-Medina, Tirso; Font, Enrique Cayuela. Diagnostic and Operative Hysteroscopy. JP Medical Ltd. 2011-04-30 [2019-12-04]. ISBN 9789380704692. (原始内容存档于2018-09-02) (英语). 
  3. ^ Valenti, C. Endoamnioscopy and fetal biopsy: a new technique.. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 15 October 1972, 114 (4): 561–4. PMID 4653838. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(72)90220-7. 
  4. ^ To Mend a Birth Defect, Surgeons Operate on the Patient Within the Patient. [2018-09-01]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-21) (英语). 
  5. ^ Sarah B. Pilchick. Renowned surgeon Ruben Quintero joins Miller Faculty. The Miami Hurricane. 2009-01-21 [2012-05-03]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-09). 

外部链接

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胎儿镜检查
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