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背负式炮塔

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奥匈帝国海军“泰格霍夫级”二号舰——“泰格霍夫号”战舰的三联装炮塔照,可以清楚见得其“背负式炮塔”的配置。

背负式炮塔(英语:Superfiring,又译作“超射型炮塔”)是一种军舰武装布局方式,指复数的主炮配置于军舰中线,而位处第一个炮塔后方的第二炮塔装设在较高的位置,这种设计能使第二炮塔能在不被第一炮塔挡住的情况下自由发扬火力,也能使炮塔不用配置左右舷,无法因应另一侧的战斗,形成浪费。

“背负式炮塔”的出现与“无畏舰”造舰竞赛有密切关联,在海军列强各“无畏舰”主炮口径日渐增大、炮塔大型化的趋势下,如何在一艘船上放上最多的炮塔和主炮已成最重要的问题之一。早期军舰设计时曾担忧背负式炮塔会在开炮时给予炮塔底层过大的压力,美国海军因此在浅水重炮舰“佛罗里达号英语USS Florida (BM-9)”上进行试验,确认安全后,自“南卡罗来纳级英语South Carolina-class battleship”战舰起开始使用此设计,之后成为各国的主流。

值得一提的是,最早采用“背负式炮塔”的船舰是1899年下水的法国战舰“亨利四世号”,但该舰为主炮口径不一的全重炮“前无畏舰[1]。“背负式炮塔”也不只用在战舰、战斗巡洋舰为代表的主力舰上,美国海军“亚特兰大级”轻巡洋舰也有着三重炮塔,为双连装五吋舰炮。

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  1. ^ (英文)Chesneau, Roger. Kolesnik, Eugène , 编. Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1860-1905. London: Conway Maritime Press. 1979: 295. ISBN 0-85177-133-5. 
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背负式炮塔
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