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美国的公营住宅

美国的公营住宅为由美国联邦、州、地方政府机关管理,向低收入家庭提供的资助住房。原来,公营住宅的主要形式是低层或高层建筑集中在一个或几个街区,但现在公营住宅的地点与形式多元化了。这些建筑群由美国住房及城市发展部授权、拨款的州和地方住房部门经营。目前,美国120万家庭住在某类公营住宅。

美国的资助公寓楼,俗称“住房工程”(housing projects)或“工程”(the projects),有复杂乃至恶名昭彰的历史。首几十年的住房工程采取较高的建筑标准及较广的收入范围。不过,久而久之公营住宅成为居民万不得已的选择。在许多城市,住房工程的管理不到位,空额率居高不下。再说,住房工程也被视为提高集中贫穷的因素,导致几种不良外部性后果。因此,许多50、60年代建的住房工程已被拆除。

最近几十年,美国公营住宅的形式越来越多元化。70年代以来,资助住宅更多是通过租金券筹资的,并非新建资助公寓。90年代开始,联邦政府不再新建大型资助建筑群,使用Hope VI项目的资金拆除问题住房工程,与私人伙伴合力建设收入水平多元化的社区。[1]

注释

[编辑]
  1. ^ Eckholm, Erik. Washington’s Grand Experiment to Rehouse the Poor. The New York Times. March 21, 2008 [2012-11-29]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-16). 
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美国的公营住宅
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