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羊毛甾醇

羊毛甾醇
Ball-and-stick model of lanosterol
IUPAC名
lanosta-8,24-dien-3-ol
识别
CAS号 79-63-0  checkY
PubChem 246983
ChemSpider 216175
SMILES
 
  • C[C@H](CCC=C(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@]2(C)C1CCC3=C2CC[C@H]4C(C)(C)[C@@H](O)CC[C@]34C
InChI
 
  • 1/C30H50O/c1-20(2)10-9-11-21(3)22-14-18-30(8)24-12-13-25-27(4,5)26(31)16-17-28(25,6)23(24)15-19-29(22,30)7/h10,21-22,25-26,31H,9,11-19H2,1-8H3/t21-,22-,25+,26+,28-,29-,30+/m1/s1
InChIKey CAHGCLMLTWQZNJ-BQNIITSRBP
ChEBI 16521
MeSH Lanosterol
IUPHAR配体 2746
性质
化学式 C30H50O
摩尔质量 426.71 g/mol g·mol⁻¹
熔点 138-140 °C
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

羊毛甾醇Lanosterol)是一种甾体化合物,分子式C
30
H
50
O
,动物和真菌合成类固醇的过程中均利用了此化合物。植物则经由环阿屯醇合成类固醇。[1]

生物化学

类固醇合成中的角色

酶催化下,角鲨烯闭环形成羊毛甾醇,该过程形成甾体核心结构。 通过CYP51的14号位脱甲基化作用,最终产生胆固醇。

上图显示了羊毛甾醇合成过程的简化版本。中间体分别为异戊烯焦磷酸英语isopentenyl pyrophosphate(IPP),二甲基烯丙基焦磷酸英语dimethylallyl pyrophosphate(DMAPP),香叶基焦磷酸英语geranyl pyrophosphate(GPP)和角鲨烯。其它一些中间体被省略。

生物合成

描述 图示
两分子法尼基焦磷酸NADPH还原,生成角鲨烯 鲨烯合酶英语squalene synthase
角鲨烯被氧化成2,3-环氧角鲨烯 鲨烯单加氧酶英语squalene monooxygenase
2,3-环氧角鲨烯关环 羊毛甾醇合酶英语lanosterol synthase
(第二步) (第二步)

医学用途

一项2015年的研究推测羊毛甾醇可能有助于预防哺乳动物白内障的形成。[2]相关研究显示羊毛甾醇能防止甚至逆转狗与兔的白内障。[2][3]但是,一项验证实验中,将手术切除的患有白内障人眼球晶状体浸入含羊毛甾醇溶液培养,晶状体透明度并未得到逆转。[4]

参考资料

  1. ^ Schaller, Hubert. The role of sterols in plant growth and development. Progress in Lipid Research. May 2003, 42 (3): 163–175. doi:10.1016/S0163-7827(02)00047-4. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Ling Zhao; Xiang-Jun Chen; Jie Zhu; Yi-Bo Xi; Xu Yang; Li-Dan Hu; Hong Ouyang; Sherrina H. Patel; Xin Jin; Danni Lin; Frances Wu; Ken Flagg; Huimin Cai; Gen Li; Guiqun Cao; Ying Lin; Daniel Chen; Cindy Wen; Christopher Chung; Yandong Wang; Austin Qiu; Emily Yeh; Wenqiu Wang; Xun Hu; Seanna Grob; et al. Lanosterol reverses protein aggregation in cataracts. Nature. July 2015. doi:10.1038/nature14650. 
  3. ^ Groß, M. (2015), Aggregate aufgelöst. Chemie in unserer Zeit. doi:10.1002/ciuz.201580036
  4. ^ Shanmugam, P. M., Barigali, A., Kadaskar, J., Borgohain, S., Mishra, D. K. C., Ramanjulu, R., & Minija, C. K. (2015). Effect of lanosterol on human cataract nucleus页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Indian journal of ophthalmology, 63(12), 888-890 doi:10.4103/0301-4738.176040
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羊毛甾醇
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