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网络信标

网络信标(web beacon),(web bugs),是指暗藏在任何网页元素或邮件内约1像素大小的透明GIFPNG图片,常用来收集目标电脑用户的上网习惯等数据,并将这些数据写入Cookie,网络信标常见于垃圾邮件中。[1]

概述

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网络信标(web beacon),(web bug),是一个放置在网页或电邮上的文件对象,用于监测用户的行为。

它不像Cookie那样可以被浏览器用户接受或拒绝,网络信标只以图形交换格式(GIF)或其他文件对象的形式出现。

它通常只能被检测,如果用户查看网页的源版本会发现一个从不同的Web伺服器而不是从网页的其他部分负载的标签。

虽然互联网隐私倡导者反对使用网络臭虫,但是他们大部分承认网络臭虫有积极用途,例如跟踪侵犯著作权的网站。 根据Richard M.Smith,网络臭虫(web bug)可以收集以下资料:

  1. 获取网络臭虫的电脑的IP地址
  2. 网络臭虫所在网页的网址
  3. 网络臭虫图象的网址
  4. 网络臭虫被访问的时间
  5. 获取网络臭虫图象的浏览器的类型
  6. 一个提前设定的cookie值

网络信标(web beacon)经常被垃圾邮件发送者用来验证电邮地址。当收件人打开一封有网络信标的电邮时,返回给发件人的资讯就会显示邮件已被打开,这样就可以确认电邮地址是有效的。

信标API

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信标API(Beacon API)是一种较新的Web技术,它不需要使用不可见图像或类似手段就能达到相同的目的。截至2017年4月 (2017-04),它还是一个万维网联盟的候选建议。[2]其旨在使Web开发人员能在用户离开页面时将资讯(如分析或诊断数据)发回Web伺服器,以跟踪用户的活动。[3]使用Web信标API能够不干扰或影响网站导航的完成此种跟踪,并且对最终用户不可见。[4]信标API已于2014年被相继引入到Mozilla Firefox[5]Google Chrome网页浏览器。[6]

参见

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注释

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  1. ^ Stefanie Olsen. Nearly undetectable tracking device raises concern. CNET News. July 12, 2000 [July 12, 2012]. (原始内容存档于2014-11-07). 
  2. ^ Beacon W3C Candidate Recommendation 13 April 2017. [2017-12-08]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-03). 
  3. ^ Introduction to the Beacon API 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - Sitepoint.com, January 2015
  4. ^ Squeezing the Most Into the New W3C Beacon API 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - NikCodes, 16 December 2014
  5. ^ Navigator.sendBeacon页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - Mozilla Developer Network
  6. ^ Send beacon data in Chrome 39页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - developers.google.com, September 2015

外部链接

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网络信标
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