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绿谷 (火星)

Green Valley
火星侦察轨道器的 HiRISE 影像拍摄绿谷的部分区域,可见到分散的小砾石和多边形碎裂图案地。
坐标68°21′N 233°00′E / 68.35°N 233°E / 68.35; 233
命名非正式地来自危险评估地图的颜色。

位于火星北方大平原绿谷Green Valley)是 NASA 选择的凤凰号火星探测器登陆地点。该区域中心座标68.35°N,233°E。绿谷的宽度约50公里,但深度只有约250米。这可能是因为沉积物沉积或者是它本身从未是深谷。从绿谷中段起无法看到它和其他区域的明显边缘[1]

命名

“绿谷”这个名称并未经过国际天文学联合会认可。它是来自于选择凤凰号登陆地点的过程:可能的登陆地点以颜色表示对登陆器的危险程度。红色代表最危险区域,黄色代表中等危险,而绿色则是最安全区域[1]。绿谷表面的大型砾石相对较少,在降落时碰触到岩石而翻覆的几率较低[2]

地质状况

绿谷的表面被许多宽约数米,高约十公分的多边形地形覆盖。这些地形可能是水重复冰冻-融化过程(冰楔多边形)或风吹的尘埃(砂楔多边形)。一般认为水冰在绿谷表面之下浅处[1],冬季时干冰可能会在绿谷表面冻结约1米[3]

凤凰号登陆地点的多边形地形。

在凤凰号登陆前不久,火星侦察轨道器曾经在绿谷拍摄到两个高度约1公里的尘卷风[4]

参考资料

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绿谷 (火星)
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