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红曲菌

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红曲菌
科学分类 编辑
界: 真菌界 Fungi
门: 子囊菌门 Ascomycota
纲: 散囊菌纲 Eurotiomycetes
目: 散囊菌目 Eurotiales
科: 红曲科 Monascaceae
属: 红曲菌属 Monascus
种:
红曲菌 M. purpureus
二名法
Monascus purpureus
(Went, 1895)

红曲菌又称红曲霉菌学名Monascus purpureus),中国古代称作丹麹,是一种红色霉菌。红曲菌用途极广,如古代未发明酱油专用酱色(焦糖)之前,红曲是红烧肉和其他红色食品的主要食用色素。红曲同时还是一种出色的食品工业原料。[1][2]

种加词Purpureus”意为“紫色的”。

红曲菌在15℃以下及50℃以上不会生长,15℃~20℃及45℃~50℃为抑制性生长,25℃~40℃为适当生长温度,35℃~37℃时生长最快速,35℃~40℃则色素最多。

1995年,法国人Blanc博士证实红麹菌产生真菌毒素——桔霉素(Citrinin) ,至此,红麹红的食用安全性受到挑战。桔霉素是一种真菌毒素,具有肾毒性,毒性比较明显,可引起实验动物的肾脏肿大、尿量增多,肾小管扩张和上皮细胞变性坏死等症状。桔霉素的生成与否及其含量与红曲菌种、培养条件、精制工艺等因素有关。

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ 《走近科学》 20141229 青稞红了. [2015-04-22]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-24). 
  2. ^ 路甬祥 (编). 《中国传统工艺全集 酿造》. 大象出版社. 2007: 104. ISBN 7534740452. 
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红曲菌
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