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绿色贸易.
绿色贸易,广义定义为“有助于环境及生态永续发展之商品、服务、资源、权利等之跨国交易”,狭义定义为绿色商品及服务之贸易。
构成绿色贸易内涵的绿色商品及服务,可分为A、B两类:
“A类”指直接用于环境保护或恢复之相关商品或服务,如污染防治设备及服务、废水处理、废弃物回收再利用、碳储存技术等。
“B类”则是指自生产、消费、回收、弃置之全生命周期所生对环境及生态之冲击小于传统产品的商品或服务,又称“环境有益商品”(Environmentally Preferable Products, EPP),可细分为二种:
- 使用不同之材料、设计、制程使其对环境生态之冲击减少,如各种节能家电,使用自然纤维(黄麻、竹)制成之纺织品,绿色食品等。
- 使用全新之材料、元素、技术所开发之传统商品的替代物,如LED灯泡、太阳能电池、电子纸等。
- 绿色贸易除受价格及功能的影响外,并且受其“绿色”(环境友善)程度的影响。
- 绿色贸易的比较利益不单取决于生产成本,而取决于生产成本及环境成本之总和。
- 绿色贸易为提升环境品质之手段之一,而环境是公共财,因此政府介入绿色贸易之程度甚深。
- 绿色贸易提供绿色商品和服务,已经成为企业社会责任的一部分,影响大企业的国际采购政策。
- 绿色贸易将重新定义国家竞争力,国际贸易规则也可能因此重写。
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