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紫茉莉

紫茉莉
紫茉莉花
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
目: 石竹目 Caryophyllales
科: 紫茉莉科 Nyctaginaceae
属: 紫茉莉属 Mirabilis
种:
紫茉莉 M. jalapa
二名法
Mirabilis jalapa
Linn., 1753
亚种
  • M. j. ciliata
  • M. j. gracilis
  • M. j. lindheimeri
  • M. j. volcanica

粉豆花学名Mirabilis jalapa)别名草茉莉、夜娇娇、紫茉莉、夜晚花、胭脂花、洗澡花、煮饭花、地雷花、白粉花、潮来花、素香等,属紫茉莉科植物。

释意

紫茉莉,虽然名字中含有“茉莉”,但不是茉莉木樨科素馨属学名Jasminum)。

形态

紫茉莉为多年生草本植物,主枝直立,侧枝散生伏地,节部膨大,节部并显粉红色,株高可达1米左右。叶形为卵状三角形,对生,翠绿,内有浅色叶脉;花朵状似喇叭,花瓣五裂,花径2至3厘米,长4至5厘米,大多为大红或紫色,亦有白、粉、黄及复色等;果实坚硬,呈黑色,外形酷似地雷,故亦称“地雷花”。

紫茉莉开花时间段是下午4时至次日上午10时,因此在英语中被称为“四时花”(Four o'clock flower);因其常在人们晚上沐浴和做饭的时间段开花,因此又有“洗澡花”和“煮饭花”的别名;花于翌日早晨凋萎。由于紫茉莉花筒细长,大型的夜行性鳞翅目很难吸蜜,而其传粉与授粉一般由天蛾(Sphingidae)完成。

分布

原产南美洲,喜暖不耐寒,喜阳耐半阴,喜疏松土壤,生长较快,能自行繁衍。

用途

紫茉莉是一种管理粗放,观赏价值较高的花卉植物,是良好的绿化植物之一,亦可药用。

药用

紫茉莉性平、微寒,味甘苦、无毒。其功用主要是利尿、泻热、活血散瘀;可治淋浊、白带、红崩、肺痨吐血、痈疽发背、疥疮、葡萄疮等疾病。

外部链接

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紫茉莉
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