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索西族

索西族是居住于墨西哥恰帕斯州中央高地的马雅人,属于印地安人,为马雅文明的直系后裔。现在索西族最大的两个自治市是 Chamula 和奇纳坎坦。

文化与经济

“索西”原意为“毛织民族”("Tzotzil",tzotz 在索西语里是“毛织品”的意思),指出索西人主要以动物的毛编织他们的衣物。然而根据古马雅语言,tzotzil 也可以翻译为“蝙蝠的民族”,显示马雅人对此民族与该种动物所做的联想。

数世纪以来,索西人一直被欧洲人剥削,成为当地中央谷地咖啡甘蔗种植的劳力来源。之后1980年代咖啡价格的暴跌,高地上的居民愈来愈难顺利就业。而在出生率及观光客同时成长的同时,工艺品的贩卖也取代了其他的经济型态,成为索西人的维生方法。索西族通常在邻近圣克里斯托佛市、Comitán,及 Simojovel 这几个城市销售他们的成品。近来,愈来愈多的索西人离开恰帕斯州的高地,移迁到墨西哥其他地区,或选择非法移民到美国,以逃离维生耕作和微薄的薪水。

现今索西人与其他如白人、麦蒂索人,及西化印地安人之间,仍存在许多种族/文化融合的问题。事实上,查巴丁士游击队的成员就多来自于索西族。

语言

索西语泽套语,和乔尔语均可追溯至后古典时期,分布于现今帕连克及耶朱地兰等地的原始乔尔语。据公元2002年的统计,现今仍有35万的索西语使用族群。 索西语使用谓宾主结构

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索西族
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