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粪臭素

粪臭素
IUPAC名
3-methylindole
3-甲基吲哚
别名 4-甲基-2,3-苯并吡咯;
7-甲基-9-氮杂二环[4.3.0]壬四烯
识别
CAS号 83-34-1  checkY
PubChem 6736
ChemSpider 6480
SMILES
 
  • CC2=CNC1=CC=CC=C12
InChI
 
  • 1/C9H9N/c1-7-6-10-9-5-3-2-4-8(7)9/h2-6,10H,1H3
InChIKey ZFRKQXVRDFCRJG-UHFFFAOYAZ
ChEBI 9171
性质
化学式 C9H9N
摩尔质量 131.172 g·mol⁻¹
外观 白色结晶固体
熔点 93-95 ℃ (366-369 K)
沸点 265 ℃ (583 K)
溶解性 不溶
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

粪臭素(英语:Skatole)为一种具有中等毒性的白色结晶有机化合物,是吲哚的一种衍生物,即3-甲基吲哚,化学式 C9H9N。在自然界中,存在于哺乳动物的粪便(为色氨酸在消化系统中的产物)、甜菜煤焦油中,具有强烈的粪便气味。在低浓度下,粪臭素具有香味,并存在于许多花朵与精油中,如花、茉莉滇刺枣,因此被用于香水中的香精、定香剂以及食物香料等。其名称来自于希腊文的skato-,意指“动物的粪便”。

实验显示,粪臭素会造成山羊、绵羊、大鼠与某些品种小鼠的肺水肿。其似乎会选择性攻击Clara细胞,亦即肺中细胞色素P450酵素主要的集中处。这些酵素会将粪臭素转换为反应性中间体3-亚甲基假吲哚,此产物与蛋白质形成加合物而伤害细胞。[1]

粪臭素通常是白色结晶或细粉状固体,但久置后会转为棕色。可溶解于中,在亚铁氰化钾硫酸的溶液中呈紫色。粪臭素具有双环结构,其中一个环是吡咯,并具有芳香性,因为分子结构连续(所有环中的原子为sp2杂化)、平面并遵守4n+2规则(含10个π电子)。可由赫尔曼·埃米尔·费歇尔所发展的费歇尔吲哚合成来制造。

其为吸引许多种类雄性兰花蜂的物质之一,这些蜂类搜集此化合物以合成费洛蒙;因此时常被用于吸引并捕捉这种蜂类作研究的诱饵。[2]

在一份1994年五家香烟大厂的报告中,粪臭素被列为599种香烟添加物之一,作为香料使用。 [3]

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ Miller, M; Kottler S, Ramos-Vara J, Johnson P, Ganjam V and Evans T. 3-Methylindole Induces Transient Olfactory Mucosal Injury in Ponies. Veterinary Pathology. 2003, 40: 363–70. 
  2. ^ [1][永久失效链接] Schiestl, F.P. & Roubik, D.W. (2004) Odor Compound Detection in Male Euglossine Bees. Journal of Chemical Ecology 29: 253-257.
  3. ^ What's in a cigarette?. [2006-05-31]. (原始内容存档于2006-05-23). 

外部链接

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粪臭素
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