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黏合剂

黏着剂(adhesive)也称黏结剂[1]胶黏剂[2]黏合剂胶水,在1942年由哈利·库弗博士英语Harry Coover发明。指将两个物体黏附在一起的材料,根据所要黏合材料的特性(主要是表面特性,如粗糙度),使用不同的黏着剂。黏合剂其实是稀释的树脂,而树脂本身就具有黏性。但有的胶水成分是:聚乙烯醇、水、防腐剂。

透明胶水

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透明胶水是平时文书处理、从事美劳创作常用的一种黏合剂,它的成分是聚乙烯醇硼砂。聚乙烯醇是一种水溶性塑胶,当把聚乙烯醇加入水时,聚乙烯醇会溶解在水分中,再把硼砂加入时,硼原子与氧原子会将聚乙烯醇分子串在一起,所形成的黏稠状液体就是胶水。而胶水在空气中会慢慢凝固,而且是不可逆的[需要解释]

透明胶水作为一种黏合剂,其黏着的原理如下:当透明胶水涂在张上时,胶水本身的分子和纸张的分子会出现“键结”,胶水会有黏性原因是胶水的分子亲水基团多导致以水为中介,彼此互相吸引纠缠产生黏性,因此胶水的凝固是一个化学反应。

液态的透明胶水用手摸起来感觉黏黏的原因是:聚乙烯醇含有许多羟基(醇基,R-O-H),具有极性,且可与形成氢键,彼此互相吸引纠缠产生黏性。如果把胶水用更多水稀释,此时胶水分子被水分子隔开太远了,黏性就会快速下降。 而快干胶又称AA胶或超能胶,则使用氰基丙烯酸酯作为主要的组合剂。当胶水一接触到空气,那些空气中的水分会与它作用,把溶剂蒸发接合剂聚合放热,变成强韧的所谓Super Glue胶黏贴著接触面。由于它的溶剂会在瞬间蒸发,所以会嗅到具有刺激性的气味。

天然材料

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黏合剂亦可以用天然材料制造。

1702年,秘鲁马丘比丘农村的工人经常要出去贴传单,在贴的过程中发现用煮熟的马铃薯做黏合剂非常好用。因为马铃薯的主要成分是淀粉,是天然的固体胶。

参考

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  1. ^ 存档副本. [2022-12-29]. (原始内容存档于2022-12-29). 
  2. ^ https://www.termonline.cn/wordDetail?termName=%E8%83%B6%E9%BB%8F%E5%89%82&subject=468a4df626ab11eeb872b068e6519520&base=1

外部链接

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延伸阅读

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黏合剂
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