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策 (恒星)

策(仙后座γ)
策的位置(红圈)
观测资料
历元 J2000
星座 仙后座
星官 奎宿
赤经 00h 56m 42.50108s[1]
赤纬 +60° 43′ 00.2984″[1]
视星等(V) 2.47[2] (1.6 - 3.0[3])
特性
光谱分类B0.5IVe[4]
U−B 色指数–1.08[2]
B−V 色指数–0.15[2]
变星类型壳层星[3]
天体测定
径向速度 (Rv)–6.8[5] km/s
自行 (μ) 赤经:+25.17[1] mas/yr
赤纬:–3.92[1] mas/yr
视差 (π)5.94 ± 0.12[1] mas
距离550 ± 10 ly
(168 ± 3 pc)
绝对星等 (MV)−3.98[6]
详细资料 [7]
质量17 M
半径10 R
表面重力 (log g)3.50
亮度34,000 L
温度25,000 K
自转速度 (v sin i)432[8] km/s
年龄8.0 ± 0.4[8] Myr
其他命名
Tsih,[9]仙后座γ、仙后座27ADS782、BD+59°144、FK5 32、HD 5394, HIP 4427、HR 264、 SAO 11482、WDS 00567+6043、 AAVSO 0050+60[10]
参考数据库
SIMBAD资料

是在北半球的拱极星座仙后座独特的W型星群,位于中间的那颗恒星。虽然它的视星等相当明亮,但在1.6至3.0等之间不规则的变化,使它没有传统的阿拉伯文或拉丁文的名字。

策是一颗Be星,也是变星和联星系统。根据依巴谷卫星进行的视差测量,它与地球的距离大约是550光年

物理性质

业余天文学家拍摄的策和星云IC 63与IC 59(Neil Michael Wyatt

策是一颗爆发型变星,它的视星等在+1.6和+3.0之间不规则的变化著,是仙后座γ型变星的原型。在1930年代晚期,它经历了所谓的"外壳插曲",亮度增加到+2.0等以上,然后迅速下降到+3.4等[11]在1937年视星等为+2.2,1940年为+3.4,1949年为+2.9,1965年为+2.7。此后,它又逐渐变亮恢复至大约+2.2等的亮度[12]。在最大强度时,策的亮度会超越王良四(仙后座α)的+2.25等和王良一(仙后座β)的+2.3等。

策是一颗快速旋转的恒星,投影自转速度为每秒472公里,使它有明显的赤道隆起。当与恒星的高量相结合时,其结果是物质的抛射,形成一个热的环状气体拱星盘。辐射和亮度的变化显然是由这种"decretion disk英语decretion disk"引起的。

这一颗大质量恒星的光谱分类与B0.5IVe相符。IV的亮度分类确定其已经演化到成为次巨星的阶段。在这个阶段,它正在耗尽核心区域供应的氢,并转化成为巨星;尾码的'e'用于显示光谱中有氢发射线的恒星,在这种情况下,是由拱星盘引起的。在类别上,这颗恒星是Be星。事实上,策是第一颗被归类为这一类的恒星[13]。它的质量是太阳的17倍,辐射的能量高达太阳的34,000倍。在这样的辐射速率下,恒星经历短暂的800万年后,就已经结束B型主序星的寿命。外层大气有着高达25,000K的有效温度,这导致它呈现蓝白色的色调。

X射线发射

策是X射线比其它B或Be恒星发出的辐射强10倍左右的一小群恒星的原型。X射线光谱的特点是Be热,可能是从温度至少高达一千万K的等离子发出的,并显示出非常短和长期的周期。从历史上看,这种X射线可能是来自恒星、拱星盘、热风,或吸积进像是中子星白矮星等简并伴星表面的物质。然而,所有的这些假设都有困难之处。例如,还不清楚是否有第二颗恒星在轨道周期所暗示的距离内,提供足够的物质可以被白矮星吸积,而足以提供近每秒1033尔格或100 佑瓦的能量供给X射线发射。中子星可以很容易地提供这种强度的X射线通量提供动力,但人们知道中子星的X射线是非热辐射,因此与光谱特性有明显的差异。

有证据显示,X射线可能与Be星本身有关,或由其和周围的decretion disk英语decretion disk之间复杂的交互作用引起。有一条证据表明,已知X射线的产生在短时间和长时间的尺度上都与B星或靠近恒星的拱星盘有关的紫外线的连续变化相关联[14][15]此外,X射线的发射显示出与可见光波长的光曲线的长期循环相关[16]

策的磁场表现出与强无序磁场一致的特征。由于恒星旋转导致的谱线致宽的范围很大,因此无法从则曼效应直接测量任何磁场。取而代之的是从12.1天的稳健周期信号中推断出来的,这个信号表明有一根植于恒星旋转表面的磁场。恒星的紫外线光谱和可见光光谱显示出在几个小时内从蓝色向红色移动的波纹,这表明物质云被强烈的磁场冻结在恒星表面上。此一证据表明,来自恒星的磁场与decretion disk英语decretion disk的交互作用导致X射线发射。盘发电机已被作为解释这种X射线调制的一种机制。然而,这种机制仍然存在着难处,包括在其它的恒星中部存在着盘发电机,从而使这种行为更难以分析[17]

伴星

策有两颗微弱的光学伴星,在双星目录中列为B和C[18][19]。B星的距离大约是2弧秒,视星等11等,与主星有相似的空间速度。C的视星等为13等,距离大约是1弧秒[20]。C是较远、较暗的光学伴星[21]

策,明亮的主星,本身是一颗光谱联星,轨道周期为203.5日,离心率不确定,可能是介于0.26至"接近零"(圆轨道)之间。伴星的质量被认为接近太阳的质量,但其性质上不清楚。有人提出,他是一颗简并的恒星,或是一颗炙热的恒星,但似乎不是颗普通的恒星。因此,它可能演化得比主星更快,并且在演化的早期就转移了质量[4][22]

名称

策是中国的名字,意思是驾驭马车的马车伕 [23][24]。与这颗恒星有关的还有王良二(仙后座κ)等[25][26],策是传说中四匹马拉的王良战车的一位驾驭著[25]。之后,策被转换成”鞭” [25]

在阿波罗任务期间,策被做为一个易于识别的导航参考点。美国太空人维吉尔·葛利森(Virgil Ivan "Gus" Grissom)以它的中间名Ivan反转,昵称策为纳维Navi[27][28]

相关条目

参考资料

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外部链接

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策 (恒星)
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