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突变原

突变原(英语:Mutagen,又译 致变原致突变原致突变剂诱变剂 等)是指一些能诱导细胞或生物个体的遗传讯息(通常是脱氧核糖核酸)发生永久性变异,并使突变频率高于自发突变的物理、化学或生物因子。

生物若处于这些因子的作用下,发生突变的机会将高于在一般自然状况中。许多突变会造成癌症的发生,因此突变原很可能也是致癌物质。不过,并非所有突变皆因突变原而产生,在DNA复制、修复或重组过程中,也可能发生错误,进而导致突变。

分类

突变原可分三大类:

  • 物理性突变原:紫外线、游离辐射 等。
  • 化学性突变原:改变含氮咸基结构物质、羟基化作用物质、需代谢活化的芳香族化合物 等。
  • 生物性突变原:人乳头瘤病毒、乙型肝炎病毒、C型肝炎病毒、爱-巴二氏病毒、人疱疹病毒8型、人类T淋巴细胞病毒 等。

例子

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突变原
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