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秘阁

秘阁,是中国宫廷藏书之处,自晋、南朝宋至隋、唐,皆设有秘阁藏书,宋沿唐制设三馆,改弘文馆为昭文馆。北宋太宗太平兴国年间新建昭文馆集贤院史馆等三馆收藏图籍,总名为崇文院,通称阁职。端拱元年(988年)又於崇文院中堂设秘阁,选三馆善本图书及书画等入藏,藏书最为完备。淳化元年(990年)扩建秘阁,于淳化三年(992年)建成,宋太宗御题匾额“秘阁”,设直秘阁、秘阁校理等官管理秘阁事务,李至奉命兼秘书监,总秘阁书籍。真宗咸平三年(1000年),下诏向全国征集三馆所少图书,献一卷,给千钱,献三百卷以上给出身。又令三馆抄写二套,一套放置禁中龙图阁,一置后苑之太清楼。后宫中失火,延烧到崇文院与秘阁,其中藏书多有焚毁。于是出禁中本,重新校勘、校理,恢复秘阁藏书,至仁宗时,秘阁归属秘书省管理,藏书已达15785卷。

仁宗景祐元年(1034年)命翰林学士张观李淑宋祁等校定整理三馆与秘阁藏书,去芜存菁、刊其讹舛,编成书目,赐名“崇文总目”,历七年至庆历元年七月成书,庆历元年(1041年)十二月,翰林学士王尧臣王洙欧阳脩等上“新崇文总目”六十卷,是中国现存最早的一部国家书目(已残缺)。宋朝崇文三馆和秘阁曾多次失火,补缺端靠“崇文总目”。据江辟疆“目录学研究”统计,宋代官修藏书目录达15种左右,远胜于其他朝代。徽宗时因三馆书多遗缺,募员缮写一式三份,一份藏于宣和殿,一份藏于太清楼,一份藏于秘阁。靖康之变时,金兵攻陷汴梁(今开封),宣和馆阁藏书与二帝皆被劫送北都。康王赵构南渡在临安即位后,下诏搜求各地藏书,重建秘阁。

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秘阁
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