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科特林岛

Google地图: 北纬 60°00′45″, 东经 29°44′01″
地图左侧的岛屿即为科特林岛

科特林岛(俄语:Котлин)是一座俄罗斯岛屿,位于圣彼得堡以西约30公里处,形状狭长,东西长度约14公里,南北宽度约2公里,面积有16平方公里,将涅瓦湾芬兰湾其余部分分隔开来,扼守俄罗斯进出波罗的海的航道。科特林岛上建有喀琅施塔得市,为圣彼得堡下辖的城市。

历史

古时科特林岛为芬兰人的土地,在芬兰语中称为“雷图萨里岛”(Retusaari)。1155年芬兰被瑞典征服,瑞典和俄罗斯人诺夫哥罗德公国互相争夺科特林岛,最后于13世纪时确定归属于诺夫哥罗德公国。后来诺夫哥罗德公国于1478年被莫斯科公国征服,于是科特林岛成为莫斯科公国的领土。但1613年时科特林岛又被瑞典卡累利阿共同瓜分,直到1703年时俄罗斯帝国彼得大帝才在大北方战争中重新从瑞典手中夺回科特林岛。由于科特林岛的军事战略地位非常重要,所以彼得大帝夺回科特林岛后,便在岛上建立喀琅施塔得市,作为防卫京师圣彼得堡的要塞。18世纪的20年代起,科特林岛更成为俄国海军指挥所和波罗的海舰队的基地。

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科特林岛
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