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在中文原意是“帝王的祭天地之礼”或“禅让王位”;佛教传入后,作为梵语“dhyāna”的音译。

本义词(读作shàn)

  • 禅让:君主生前就将王位让贤于人,而非依照血亲世袭
  • 封禅:古代帝王在泰山上筑坛祭天称为“封”;在梁甫山除地祭地称为“禅”。秦汉时特重此礼。

译语词(读作chán)

  • 禅那梵语dhyāna巴利语:jhāna):意译“思惟修”、“静虑”,又译为“禅定”,略称为“禅”是六波罗蜜之一。按《大毘婆沙论》,“若定能断不善、无记二种结者,名为静虑”(能断结之义)、“若能正观,坚固难坏,相续久住,于所缘境长时注意而不舍者,名为静虑”(能正观之义),禅那(dhyāna)专指色界四禅,兼具“能断”与“能正观”;三摩地(samādhi)则涵盖所有类型的定境
  • 坐禅梵语pratisaṃlayana巴利语:paṭisallānā):指在静室内以坐姿禅修。若是步行走动禅修则叫行禅、经行
  • 禅宗大乘佛教流传于东亚的一支佛教宗派,由南天竺禅师菩提达摩传至中国。原是以“坐禅”为中心的修行集团,后经牛头法融黄梅弘忍的发展,大成于六祖曹溪慧能,成为一支具有独特精神意趣的宗派。欧美国家据“禅”的日语音译为Zen,或据中文音译为Chan。
  • 参禅禅宗术语,指参究佛性,了悟本心,又作“参玄”。

文化作品

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