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神经系统变性疾病

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神经系统变性疾病
一位罹患巨头畸形患者的头部断层扫描
类型中枢神经系统疾病退行性疾病疾病
分类和外部资源
医学专科神经学
ICD-10G30-G32
MeSHD019636
Orphanet182070
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

神经系统变性疾病(英语:neurodegenerative disease)又译神经退化性疾病,是神经系统中某些特定的神经元逐渐萎缩和丢失,导致相应结构发生慢性进行性病变及功能障碍的一组疾病[1][2]

脑和脊髓由神经元组成,神经元有不同的功能,如控制运动,处理感觉信息,并作出决策。脑和脊髓的细胞一般是不会再生的,所以过度的损害可能是毁灭性的,不可逆转的。

神经系统变性疾病是由神经元或其髓鞘的丧失所致[1][2], 随着时间的推移而恶化,以导致神经元功能障碍、细胞死亡

神经系统变性疾病按表型分为两类:

神经系统变性疾病列表

  • 阿兹海默症 (Alzheimer's disease, AD)
  • 帕金森氏症 (Parkinson's disease, PD)
  • 路易氏体失智症 (Dementia with Lewy bodies, DLB)
  • 多系统萎缩症 (Multiple system atrophy, MSA)
  • 普利昂疾病 (Prion diseases): 包含牛海绵状脑病 (Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, BSE。或称疯牛病) 和人类的各种库贾氏症 (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, CJD)
  • 亨丁顿舞蹈症 (Huntington's disease, HD)
  • 肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症 (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS)
  • 毛细血管扩张性共济失调综合症 (Ataxia telangiectasia)
  • 多发性硬化症 (Multiple sclerosis)
  • 小脑萎缩症 (Spinocerebellar Atrophy)或称脊髓小脑失调症(Spinocerebellar Ataxia,SCA)
  • 人类免疫缺陷病毒痴呆复合症 (HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, HAND)
  • 皮克式病 (Pick's disease)
  • 克拉毕氏症 (Krabbe's disease)
  • 肯尼迪氏症 (Kennedy's disease) 原名 Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, SBMA
  • 原发性侧索硬化 (Primary lateral sclerosis, PLS)
  • 柯凯因氏症候群 (Cockayne syndrome)
  • 脊髓性肌萎缩症 (Spinal muscular atrophy, SMA)
  • 脊髓痨 (Tabes dorsalis)
  • 进行性核上性麻痹 (Progressive supranuclear palsy) 或称 Steele–Richardson–Olszewski syndrome, PSP
  • 佩梅病 (Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease)

治疗

初步治疗取决于具体疾病的诊断。目前,仅有少数几个药物可用于一些神经系统变性疾病。

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Appel SH, Smith RG, Le WD. Immune-mediated cell death in neurodegenerative disease. Adv Neurol. 1996;69:153-9. Review.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Hardy J. Pathways to primary neurodegenerative disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;924:29-34. Review.
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神经系统变性疾病
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