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碰撞激发

碰撞激发是一种传递能量的过程,经由碰撞反应物种核的伙伴转换成为内能

天文学

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在天文学,碰撞激发使行星状星云中性氢区这样的天体产生光谱谱线

在这些天体中,大多数的原子会被嵌入在星云气体内的炙热恒星发射出的光子游离,而使电子被剥离。这些被发射的电子(称为光电子)会与气体内的原子或离子碰撞,始它们被激发。当这些被激发的原子或离子回到基态时,会发射出光子。由这些光子组成的谱线称为碰撞激发线(通常缩写为CELs)。

CELs通常只能在密度非常低的气体中观察到(通常每立方公分只有几千颗粒子)。密度较高的气体,会进行相反的碰撞灭激程序压制这些谱线。甚至在地球上产生的高真空,对CELs的观测来说密度依然太高。由于这个原因,当威廉·哈金斯猫眼星云中首度观察到这种谱线时,他不知道这是什么元素,因而假设有一种称为𰚼(Nebulium)的新元素。然而,之后发现他观察到的是在极度稀薄状态下的发射线。

CELs对研究气体云非常重要,因为它能用来确定气体的密度和温度。

质谱学

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碰撞激发在质谱学是离子和原子或分子碰撞,导致离子内能增加的过程[1]。离子的分子被加速到高动能,然后和中性气体(通常是)碰撞。在碰撞中,有些动能会转换成为内能,这会在过程中生成一种称为碰撞诱导分裂的碎片。

参考资料

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  1. ^ 国际纯化学和应用化学联合会化学术语概略,第二版。(金皮书)(1997)。在线校正版: (2006–) "collisional excitation"。doi:10.1351/goldbook.C01159
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碰撞激发
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