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碘钟反应

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过硫酸钾碘离子氧化,而碘又与淀粉反应生成蓝紫色配合物,产生碘钟反应。本视频中溶液变色的过程经大幅加速,实际需时因浓度而异。

碘钟反应(Iodine clock reaction)是一种经典的秒表反应实验,其体现了化学动力学的原理。它于1886年被瑞士化学家汉斯·兰多尔特发现。在碘钟反应中,两种(或三种)无色的液体被混合在一起,并在几秒钟后变成蓝色。此反应可以通过多种不同的途径实现。

过氧化氢型碘钟

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硫酸酸化的过氧化氢溶液中加入碘酸钾硫代硫酸钠淀粉的混合溶液。此时在体系中存在两个主要反应,离子方程式为:

H2O2(aq)+3I(aq)+2H+→ I3+2H2O

I3(aq)+2S2O32−(aq) → 3I(aq)+S4O62−(aq)

碘酸盐型碘钟

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向用硫酸酸化的碘酸盐中加入亚硫酸氢钠(或先以较安定的焦亚硫酸钠溶于水生成亚硫酸氢钠)以及少量淀粉溶液,此时体系中出现如下反应:

IO3 (aq) + 3HSO3 (aq) → I (aq) + 3HSO4(aq)

然后过量的碘酸根离子与碘离子发生归中反应

IO3 (aq) + 5I (aq) + 6H+ (aq) → 3I2 + 3H2O (l)

接着亚硫酸氢钠将生成的碘还原:

I2 (aq) + HSO3 (aq) + H2O (l) → 2I (aq) + HSO4(aq) + 2H+ (aq)

过硫酸盐型碘钟

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通过过硫酸钾过硫酸钠过硫酸铵将碘离子氧化成碘单质。加入硫代硫酸钠可以将碘单质还原回碘离子。离子方程式如下:

2I(aq) + S2O82−(aq) → I2 (aq)+ 2SO42−(aq)

I2 (aq) + 2S2O32−(aq) → 2I(aq) + S4O62−(aq)

氯酸盐型碘钟

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卢戈氏碘液氯酸钠高氯酸混合,离子方程式如下:

I3 → I + I2

ClO3 + I + 2H+HIO +HClO2

ClO3 + HIO + H+HIO2 + HClO2

ClO3 + HIO2 → IO3 + HClO2

参考资料

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碘钟反应
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