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碘酸钾

碘酸钾
英文名 Potassium iodate
识别
CAS号 7758-05-6  checkY
PubChem 23665710
ChemSpider 22856
SMILES
 
  • [K+].[O-]I(=O)=O
InChI
 
  • 1/HIO3.K/c2-1(3)4;/h(H,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1
InChIKey JLKDVMWYMMLWTI-REWHXWOFAL
EINECS 231-831-9
RTECS NN1350000
性质
化学式 KIO3
摩尔质量 214.00 g·mol⁻¹
外观 白色结晶粉末
密度 3.89 g·cm−3(27 °C)[1]
熔点 560°C 部分分解
溶解性 4.74 g/100 mL (0 °C)
9.16 g/100 mL (25 °C)
32.3 g/100 mL (100 °C)
危险性
欧盟分类 未列明
相关物质
其他阴离子 碘化钾
高碘酸钾
溴酸钾
氯酸钾
其他阳离子 碘酸钠
碘酸银
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

碘酸钾,化学式KIO3,常被添加在食盐氯化钠NaCl)中,即为含碘食盐,用于补充成分,预防碘缺乏病。碘酸钾溶于水、稀硫酸,不溶于乙醇。溶于水呈无色。

制备

用过氧化氢和硝酸的混合溶液氧化得到碘酸,再和碳酸钾反应,得到碘酸钾。[2]

化学性质

碘酸钾和亚硫酸钠在酸性溶液中可以发生氧化还原反应。[3]它在700 K(427 °C)可被金属铅还原,生成亚碘酸钾。[4]

它可以形成复盐,如K2Be(IO3)4·2H2O[5]、K2Ni(IO3)4·2H2O、K2Zn(IO3)4·2H2O[6]等。

参考文献

  1. ^ P. G. Byrom, B. W. Lucas. Structure (neutron) of high-temperature phase I potassium iodate at 523 K. Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications. 1987-09-15, 43 (9): 1649–1651 [2020-05-29]. doi:10.1107/S0108270187090693. (原始内容存档于2018-06-03). 
  2. ^ 王为国, 张所信. 过氧化氢氧化法合成碘酸钾页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)[J]. 武汉工程大学学报, 2000, 22(3):14-15.
  3. ^ 李和平, 王中杰. 碘酸钾与亚硫酸钠反应的动力学机理研究页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)[J]. 土木建筑与环境工程, 1997, 19(4):111-114.
  4. ^ Chapter 13 Decomposition of metal perhalates, halates and halites. Thermal Decomposition of Ionic Solids. Elsevier. 1999. ISSN 0167-6881. doi:10.1016/s0167-6881(99)80015-9. 
  5. ^ Georgiev, M. Synthesis and thermal behavior of K2Be(IO3)​4·2H2O. Godishnik na Khimikotekhnologichniya i Metalurgichen Universitet, 1998. 33: 105-113. ISSN: 1311-4190. (in Bulgarian)
  6. ^ Hu, Juncheng; Wan, Hongwen; Xu, Mingfei; Wang, Tianzhi; Yun, Yu; Qu, Songsheng. A thermochemical study of K2M(IO3)​4·2H2O(M = Mg2+, Ni2+, Zn2+). Thermochimica Acta, 2000. 345 (2): 135-139.

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碘酸钾
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