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硼化物.
硼化物是由硼和金属形成的化合物,广义上也包括硼和类金属、非金属形成的化合物。
硼化物的制备通常需要 1200–2200 °C 的高温。[1][2]它们可以由硼和金属或其氧化物反应而成。它也可以由电解硼酸盐而成[3]。
硼化物中,硼和金属的比例范围非常广阔,从有大量金属原子的硼化物(例如 M
5B,M
4B),通常为过渡金属形成的硼化物到有大量硼原子的硼化物(例如MB
4,MB
12甚至MB
66),通常是碱金属、碱土金属、3族元素、镧系和锕系元素的硼化物。此外,硼化物中也有很多非整比化合物,含有不止一种金属原子。[1]
硼化物的反应性低,熔点高。硼化物可用于生产高温电极、涡轮叶片、火箭喷嘴、燃烧室包层、中子辐射屏蔽和控制棒(硼的中子截面较高,可以吸收中子)。[1].
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.
- ^ borki, [w:] Encyklopedia techniki. Chemia, Władysław Gajewski (red.), wyd. 2, Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Naukowo-Techniczne, 1966, s. 92–93, OCLC 864218327.
- ^ Związki boru z metalami, [w:] Adam Bielański, Podstawy chemii nieorganicznej, wyd. 6, t. 2, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 2010, s. 808–810, ISBN 978-83-01-16282-5.
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B2H6 BxHy
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He
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Li
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Be
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B
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C
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N
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O
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F
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Ne
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Na
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MgB2
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AlB2 AlB12
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SiBx
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P
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S
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Cl
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Ar
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K
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CaB4 CaB6
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ScB12
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TiB2
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V
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CrB
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Mn
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Fe2B FeB FeB4
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CoxBy
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Ni3B Ni2B
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Cu
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Zn
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Ga
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Ge
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As
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Se
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Br
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Kr
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Rb
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SrB6
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YB4 YB6 YB66
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ZrB2
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NbB2
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Mo
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Tc
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RuBx
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Rh
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Pd
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Ag
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Cd
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In
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Sn
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Sb
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Te
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I
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Xe
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Cs
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BaB6
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镧系
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HfB2
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TaBx
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W2B5
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ReB2
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OsBx
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Ir
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Pt
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Au
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Hg
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Tl
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Pb
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Bi
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Po
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At
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Rn
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Fr
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Ra
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锕系
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Rf
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Db
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Sg
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Bh
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Hs
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Mt
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Ds
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Rg
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Cn
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Nh
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Fl
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Mc
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Lv
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Ts
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Og
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↓
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|
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镧系
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LaB6
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CeB6
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Pr
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Nd
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Pm
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SmB6
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EuB6
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Gd
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Tb
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Dy
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Ho
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ErB4 ErB6
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Tm
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Yb
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Lu
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锕系
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Ac
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Th
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Pa
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UB2
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Np
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PuBx
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Am
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Cm
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Bk
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Cf
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Es
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Fm
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Md
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No
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Lr
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