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硼化物

硼化物是由金属形成的化合物,广义上也包括硼和类金属、非金属形成的化合物。

硼化物的制备通常需要 1200–2200 °C 的高温。[1][2]它们可以由硼和金属或其氧化物反应而成。它也可以由电解硼酸盐而成[3]

硼化物中,硼和金属的比例范围非常广阔,从有大量金属原子的硼化物(例如 M
5
B,M
4
B),通常为过渡金属形成的硼化物到有大量硼原子的硼化物(例如MB
4
,MB
12
甚至MB
66
),通常是碱金属碱土金属3族元素镧系锕系元素的硼化物。此外,硼化物中也有很多非整比化合物,含有不止一种金属原子。[1]

硼化物的反应性英语Reactivity (chemistry)低,熔点高。硼化物可用于生产高温电极、涡轮叶片、火箭喷嘴、燃烧室包层、中子辐射屏蔽和控制棒(硼的中子截面较高,可以吸收中子)。[1].

参考资料

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4. 
  2. ^ borki, [w:] Encyklopedia techniki. Chemia, Władysław Gajewski (red.), wyd. 2, Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Naukowo-Techniczne, 1966, s. 92–93, OCLC 864218327.
  3. ^ Związki boru z metalami, [w:] Adam Bielański, Podstawy chemii nieorganicznej, wyd. 6, t. 2, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 2010, s. 808–810, ISBN 978-83-01-16282-5.
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硼化物
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