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火山喷气孔

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夏威夷火山国家公园中的火山喷气孔

火山喷气孔(英语:fumarole)是一种地壳裂缝,通常出现于火山附近。火山喷气孔会喷发蒸气及各种气体,如二氧化硫盐酸硫化氢,其中喷发硫化物质的,则被称为硫气孔。火山喷气孔会由许多大小不同的裂缝以杂乱无章的方式组成,出现在火山锥和火山口附近,熔岩流的表层或是深度堆积的火山碎屑流中。

美国阿拉斯加州万烟谷就是一个十分著名的火山喷气孔,它于1912年形成。形成之初约有数千个喷气孔在活动,但随着时间的经过,其中大多数已停止喷发。只要热源持续存在,火山喷气孔的活动时间可常达数百年以上,但也可能因为热源消失而于短短数周内停止活动。著名的黄石国家公园目前约还有4000个火山喷气孔活动中。

多米尼克的Morne Trois Pitons国家公园中,也有名为荒芜山谷的火山喷气孔。

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火山喷气孔
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