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硝酸胍

硝酸胍
IUPAC名
Guanidinium nitrate
英文名 Guanidine nitrate
识别
CAS号 506-93-4  checkY
PubChem 10481
ChemSpider 10049
SMILES
 
  • [O-][N+](=O)O.[N@H]=C(N)N
InChI
 
  • 1/CH5N3.HNO3/c2*2-1(3)4/h(H5,2,3,4);(H,2,3,4)
InChIKey CNUNWZZSUJPAHX-UHFFFAOYAZ
EINECS 208-060-1
性质
化学式 CH6N4O3
摩尔质量 122.1 g·mol⁻¹
外观 白色固体
密度 1.436 g/cm3
熔点 213 °C(486 K)
沸点 (分解)
溶解性 160 g/L(20 °C)
危险性
警示术语 R:R20 R21 R22 R36 R38
欧盟分类 氧化剂 O
NFPA 704
1
2
4
 
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

硝酸胍硝酸盐,化学式为[C(NH2)3]NO3,无色且可溶于水。它可用作气体发生器和固体火箭推进剂,作为高能燃料而大规模生产。

制备与性质

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尽管硝酸胍可以由硝酸的中和反应制备,但工业上,是通过双氰胺(或其钙盐)和硝酸铵的反应得到的。[1]

它已被用作模型飞机的Jetex引擎中的单组元推进剂。硝酸胍是受欢迎的材料,因为它具有高气体输出和低火焰温度。它具有177秒(1.7kN·s/kg)的相对高的单组元推进剂比冲[note 1]

安全

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硝酸胍属于危险品,具有氧化性且可以爆炸。它对眼睛、皮肤有害,吸入有害。[1]

参考文献

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Thomas Güthner, Bernd Mertschenk and Bernd Schulz "Guanidine and Derivatives" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a12_545.pub2

注释

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  1. ^ 1000 lbf/in2(700 kPa)的燃烧室压力,14.7 lbf/in2(101 kPa)的出口压力,转移平衡理论性能。

拓展链接

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硝酸胍
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