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瞋恚.
瞋恚（梵语：व्यापाद，vyāpāda，巴利语：byāpāda），又译瞋害、忿、恚、憎、损坏（嗔、瞋字通），佛教术语，有毁灭、恶意、杀害等含义，是对于其他有情的恶意情绪。佛教认为这是一种欲界的烦恼，被列为五顺下分结之一；因为能障碍有情众生的解脱，被列为五盖之一，称为瞋恚盖。瞋恚则是染爱的果报，贪著则是愚痴的果报
概论
在梵文中，vyāpāda有违逆、违反的意思在，是一种因为遭遇不顺心的情况，而升起愤怒的感受，并因此产生恶意，想要伤害对方。被列为五盖之一[1]。
瞋恚的根源是三毒中的瞋（dveṣa）。因为受到障碍，无法获得五欲乐，产生苦的感受，因为不正思维，受到愤怒心所的驱使，进一步升起想要伤害他人的心态，使人烦恼[2]。四无量心中的慈心观可以克服瞋恚[3]。
注释
- ^ 《长阿含经》卷8：“复有五法，谓五盖：贪欲盖，瞋恚盖，睡眠盖，掉戏盖，疑盖。”
- ^ 《杂阿含经》470经：“以彼愚痴无闻凡夫不了知故，于诸五欲生乐受触，受五欲乐；受五欲乐故，为贪使所使。苦受触故，则生瞋恚；生瞋恚故，为恚使所使。于此二受，若集、若灭、若味、若患、若离不如实知，不如实知故，生不苦不乐受，为痴使所使。为乐受所系终不离，苦受所系终不离，不苦不乐受所系终不离，云何系？谓为贪、恚、痴所系，为生、老、病、死、忧、悲、恼、苦所系。”
- ^ 《杂阿含经》卷27〈715经〉：“何等为瞋恚盖食？谓：障碍相，于彼不正思惟，未起瞋恚盖令起，已起瞋恚盖能令增广，是名瞋恚盖食。……何等为瞋恚盖不食？彼慈心思惟，未生瞋恚盖不起，已生瞋恚盖令灭，是名瞋恚盖不食。”
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