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相纸.
相纸(英语:Photographic paper),也称照相纸、晒相纸、感光纸指覆以化学感光材料用以印制相片的特殊纸张。用以印制数码照相机的相纸不含化学感光材料成为印相纸。
简史
自从1824年法国尼埃普斯和1841年英国威廉·福克斯·塔尔博特发明摄影术后,相纸的应用就开始了。时至今日相纸的应用十分普遍。
照相纸种类
基本构造
相纸分四至五层:
- 纸基的基础是符合一项质量标准的纤维纸基。相纸纸基必须颜色洁白、质地均匀、不易变形。纸基有不同的厚度标准。
- 氧化钡层。相纸纸基上加以薄层氧化钡,用以填充相纸纸基的小缺陷,增加相纸的洁白度。
- 有树脂层的相纸在氧化钡层上多加聚乙烯树脂层,用以阻止冲洗相纸时化学液体进入纸基。没有聚乙烯树脂层的相纸称为纸基相纸,具有聚乙烯树脂层的相纸称为涂塑相纸。
黑白相纸
纸基相纸(FB)
纸基相纸(2)包括一层纸基,有事上覆一层氧化钡以增加相纸的反射率使其更白,感光乳剂涂布其上。
因感光乳剂吸水即膨胀变软,在冲洗过程中易受损伤,部分纸基纸在乳剂层上另涂一层透明的凝胶以保护乳剂。
根据过去美术馆典藏和艺术品的经验,一张处理良好以FB相纸制作的照片,具有极佳的耐久性。曾经有影像保存的研究学者肯定的表示,它所记录的黑白影像比被摄物本身甚至可以保存更长的时间,估计大约是一百年到三百年。
涂塑相纸(RC)
大部分涂塑相纸都有乳剂保护层
彩色相纸
相纸的长期保存
任何相纸的寿命都取决于存放环境和冲洗的完善程度。
Fibre-based black-and-white Photographic Paper that has been processed archivally (Archival Processing) is considered archivally "stable" and should last at least 70 years。涂塑相纸因其多层的构造,长期保存易因为不同层次的吸水和受热膨胀率不同造成乳剂层脱落,一般认为寿命不超过40年。 个别特殊的图像工艺,在处理得当的前提下,因其固有的稳定性而比纸基纸具有更加的保存性,例如。
外部链接
目前仍然生产传统相纸的厂家:
Efke
Forte
Slavich
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