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直隶州

直隶州中国明代、清代时的行政区划

明朝

明朝行政区划制度中,与同级,受承宣布政使司)管辖,两者之下管辖,但明代的府也会管“散州”(此为延续元制),而明代散州底下仍可辖县。所以明代的地方行政制度究竟是“三级制”还是“四级制”尚有争议。

清朝

清朝行政区划制度中,直隶州在之下,与直隶厅同级。就层级而言,直隶州与的等级很接近,其知州州同州判等官员的品级也都与官接近,且府和直隶州都辖(但不是所有直隶州都辖县,如福建台湾省台东直隶州就不辖县),但直隶厅则多数都不管辖

清朝制度规定,直隶州、散州州衙所在地本身为州直辖地,不设份,但可管邻县。譬如,清代雍正十一年(1733年),昇广东省潮州府程乡县嘉应直隶州,此时,原有的程乡县就必须裁撤,成为州衙的直辖地,而长乐县(今五华县)、兴宁县平远县、镇平县(今蕉岭县)四县划归嘉应州管辖。以此类推清朝全国内地各省的其他直隶州,也是如此。

清代直隶州可称为“某直隶州”(为与散州相区别),亦可径称为“某州”。

1912年,直隶州制度废除,则原有州直辖地须设新县。一般是直接把“州”字改成“县”字,作为新县名。前述之嘉应州则较特殊,是先在1911年辛亥革命后恢复古称梅州,1912年州直辖地改为梅县

清雍正以后,内地政区的层级关系为:

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
布政使司
(省、行省)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

(非正式行政区划)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
直隶州
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
直隶厅
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
散州
 
 
散厅
 


参见

参考文献

  • 孙文良,中国官制史,1993年,台北,文津出版社。
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直隶州
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