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白汝迪

白汝迪在联合国

白汝迪(英语:Jamil Baroody,1905年—1979年3月4日),是沙特阿拉伯外交官,他自1946年首次参加联合国会议后担任沙特阿拉伯驻联合国代表,直到他去世。

早年生活

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白汝迪于1905年出生在黎巴嫩苏克埃尔加尔布英语Souk El Gharb[1]。他是默基特希腊礼天主教会的基督徒,曾在贝鲁特美国大学就读,并于1929年开始他的外交生涯,曾担任国际联盟代表。在第二次世界大战期间,他在普林斯顿大学任教,同时担任《读者文摘》阿拉伯语版的顾问[2]

职业生涯

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白汝迪是沙特阿拉伯国王费萨尔的亲密朋友。在联合国成立初期,他被任命为沙特阿拉伯驻联合国代表,享有异常大的权力,与其他代表须服从外交部指挥的情况形成鲜明对比[3]。白汝迪被誉为联合国程序大师和多才多艺的演说家,他的坦率、热情和智慧为沉闷的辩论注入活力。《时代杂志》的一篇幽默介绍称,由于他独特而古怪的演讲风格,他可能“有责任防止无数同事死于纯粹的无聊”[1]

1971年,美国代表爱德华·德文斯基英语Ed Derwinski评价白汝迪的演讲技巧几乎是无与伦比的,甚至认为如果温斯顿·丘吉尔先生在他的巅峰时期与白汝迪先生辩论,他会排名第二[1]。根据历史学家罗兰·伯克的说法,白汝迪关于人权的演说之一是“一个修辞漩涡”,其中提到了恐龙以及它们因剑齿虎的捕食而明显死亡的内容,对苏美尔人的题外话,以及精神病学的危险[4]。另一种说法称,白汝迪的干预“总是范围广泛,常常很有趣;但他倾向于在不方便的时候讲话且篇幅过长……宣布尴尬的事实”[5]

然而,白汝迪对联合国在1948年通过的《世界人权宣言》持反对态度,认为这是将西方文明的价值观强加于伊斯兰世界。在他看来,宣言中关于婚姻和宗教自由的思想是对14世纪伊斯兰教法的殖民主义攻击。他特别强调改变宗教信仰的权利与伊斯兰教不相容,尽管当时的巴基斯坦代表持有不同的观点。他还担心沙特阿拉伯因为持续实行奴隶制而成为人权指责的目标[6]

在他的职业生涯中,他积极捍卫巴勒斯坦建国的事业。在1975年有关犹太复国主义的激烈辩论中,白汝迪称犹太复国主义者是“我们中间的外星人”,并谴责犹太人的金钱和影响力[7]

白汝迪去世时是所有联合国会员国中任期最长的代表。联合国秘书长库尔特·瓦尔德海姆下令将纽约联合国旗帜降半旗,这是为国家元首通常保留的荣誉[8]

个人生活

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白汝迪与一位美国女性结为夫妇,并育有四个在美国接受教育的子女[1]

参考资料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Jamil the Irrepressible". Time. Vol. 98 no. 24. 1971-12-13. 
  2. ^ "Member States Pay Tribute to Late Mr. Baroody (Saudi Arabia)," UN Monthly Chronicle 16, no. 3 (March 1979): i-viii
  3. ^ Roland Burke, Decolonization and the Evolution of International Human Rights (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011), 12
  4. ^ Roland Burke, "'How Times Flies': Celebrating the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the 1960s," International History Review 38, 3 (2016): 412.
  5. ^ Sydney Dawson Bailey and Larry Bailey, The Procedure of the UN Security Council (Clarendon Press, 1988), 130
  6. ^ James Loeffler, Rooted Cosmopolitans: Jews and Human Rights in the Twentieth Century (Oxford: Yale University Press, 2018), p165.
  7. ^ Gil Troy, Moynihan's Moment: America's Fight Against Zionism as Racism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), 141.
  8. ^ "Member States Pay Tribute to Late Mr. Baroody (Saudi Arabia)," UN Monthly Chronicle 16, no. 3 (March 1979): i-viii.

延伸阅读

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  • "Member States Pay Tribute to Late Mr. Baroody (Saudi Arabia)," UN Monthly Chronicle 16, no. 3 (March 1979): i-viii.
  • "Jamil the Irrepressible". Time. Vol. 98 no. 24. 1971-12-13. 
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白汝迪
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