癫痫发作
| 癫痫发作 Epileptic seizure | |
|---|---|
| 同义词 | Epileptic fit, seizure, fit |
 | |
| 儿童失神性癫痫患者的脑电波释放出的3赫兹棘徐波 | |
| 分类和外部资源 | |
| 医学专科 | 神经内科 |
| ICD-10 | G40、P90、R56 |
| DiseasesDB | 19011 |
| MedlinePlus | 003200 |
| eMedicine | 1184846、1609294 |
癫痫发作（epileptic seizure，epileptic fit；有时在文献或新闻简称 seizure，fit）是脑内异常“过度或同步”的神经元活动，而导致一段时间的症状[1][2]。这种脑内异常的外溢效应（outward effect）可以是无法自行控制的混乱运动，也可以是短暂的失去意识。任何能引起癫痫发作的脑部疾病或损伤，统称癫痫（epilepsy）或癫痫症[2][1]。
癫痫发作可能发生在没有癫痫历史的人身上。危险因子包括：脑部创伤、滥用药物[3]、过高体温、低血糖 和缺氧。另外有一些看起来像癫痫发作的症状，但实际上并非真的癫痫发作。
首次出现的癫痫发作通常不需要长时间服用抗癫痫药，除非出现特定问题或要照脑电图或脑部造影（brain imaging）[4]。
所有活到80岁的人之中大约 5~10%，在其人生中至少遇过一次癫痫发作，遇到第二次癫痫发作的几率介于 40~50% 之间 [4][5]。
症状和症状
参见：癫痫类型
备注
参考资料
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Fisher RS, Acevedo C, Arzimanoglou A, et al. ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy. Epilepsia. April 2014, 55 (4): 475–482. PMID 24730690. S2CID 35958237. doi:10.1111/epi.12550. （原始内容存档于2020-07-31）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Fisher R, van Emde Boas W, Blume W, et al. Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE). Epilepsia. 2005, 46 (4): 470–2 [2021-10-08]. PMID 15816939. doi:10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x. （原始内容存档于2021-10-20） （英语）.
- ^ Revesz, Rachael. Pet dog 'ate crack' then killed owner in front of BBC crew filming drug documentary: Major was found to be eight times over the drug drive limit. 独立报. 2017-09-12 [2017-11-19]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-10） （英语）.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Wilden, JA; Cohen-Gadol, AA. Evaluation of first nonfebrile seizures.. American family physician. Aug 15, 2012, 86 (4): 334–40. PMID 22963022.
- ^ Berg, AT. Risk of recurrence after a first unprovoked seizure. Epilepsia. 2008,. 49 Suppl 1: 13–8. PMID 18184149. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01444.x.
- ^ Shearer, Peter. Seizures and Status Epilepticus: Diagnosis and Management in the Emergency Department. Emergency Medicine Practice. [2017-07-23]. （原始内容存档于2010-12-30）.
- ^ National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Chapter 1: Introduction. The Epilepsies: The diagnosis and management of the epilepsies in adults and children in primary and secondary care (PDF). National Clinical Guideline Centre. January 2012: 21–28 [2017-07-23]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-12-16）.
外部链接
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